流速与温度的交互作用对铜绿微囊藻生长的影响

试验通过室内模拟,研究了流速与温度对太湖水中铜绿微囊藻生长的影响。试验结果表明：在光照度为3300lx、光暗比为10h：14h、氮磷浓度满足藻类生长需求的条件下。流速、温度对藻类生长的均有一定的影响,但流速的影响作用更为显著。因此,治理湖泊水体富营养化可从改变湖泊水流流态方面着手。     

酸沉降对重庆农业生态的影响

本文阐述了酸雨、酸雾、SO_2等主要酸沉降单独对重庆植物、土壤的作用及其复合作用,提出了今后的研究方向及减少危害的措施。     

水力负荷与气水比对人工湿地净水效果的影响

以某高海拔地区污水处理厂的二级生化处理水为研究对象,通过对人工湿地进出水中COD、NH+4-N、TP浓度的变化,研究了水力负荷、气水比两个参数对人工湿地净水效果的影响。结果表明:人工湿地去除生活污水中COD、NH4+-N、TP的最佳水力负荷为0.33 m3/(m2·d)、气水比为3:1,在此最佳试验条件下,COD、NH4+-N、TP的去除率分别可达84%、69%、68%,出水水质满足《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅲ类水质标准。     

复合凹凸棒滤料生物滤池处理微污染原水研究

采用复合凹凸棒滤料部分替代石英砂滤料,利用复合凹凸棒滤料良好的吸附和生物挂膜性能对普通滤池进行生物强化。试验研究表明：在滤速6ndh时,复合凹凸棒生物过滤对COD№去除率为32．6％～42．1％,对NH2-N去除率为75．7％。87．8％．对NO2--N去除率为84．2％～92-4％。反冲洗对滤料表面附着的生物膜影响较小,在冲洗1—2h后能够恢复到冲洗前的水平。复合凹凸棒滤料生物滤池处理工艺不需增加新构筑物,适用于以微污染原水为水源的老水厂升级改造和新水厂建设．     

A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application to soils on crop productivity using meta-analysis

Increased crop yield is a commonly reported benefit of adding biochar to soils. However, experimental results are variable and dependent on the experimental set-up, soil properties and conditions, while causative mechanisms are yet to be fully elucidated. A statistical meta-analysis was undertaken with the aim of evaluating the relationship between biochar and crop productivity (either yield or above-ground biomass). Results showed an overall small, but statistically significant, benefit of biochar application to soils on crop productivity, with a grand mean increase of 10%. However, the mean results for each analysis performed within the meta-analysis covered a wide range (from −28% to 39%). The greatest (positive) effects with regard to soil analyses were seen in acidic (14%) and neutral pH soils (13%), and in soils with a coarse (10%) or medium texture (13%). This suggests that two of the main mechanisms for yield increase may be a liming effect and an improved water holding capacity of the soil, along with improved crop nutrient availability. The greatest positive result was seen in biochar applications at a rate of 100 t ha⁻¹ (39%). Of the biochar feedstocks considered and in relation to crop productivity, poultry litter showed the strongest (significant) positive effect (28%), in contrast to biosolids, which were the only feedstock showing a statistically significant negative effect (−28%). However, many auxiliary data sets (i.e. information concerning co-variables) are incomplete and the full range of relevant soil types, as well as environmental and management conditions are yet to be investigated. Furthermore, only short-term studies limited to periods of 1 to 2 years are currently available. This paper highlights the need for a strategic research effort, to allow elucidation of mechanisms, differentiated by environmental and management factors and to include studies over longer time frames.     

东莞麻涌农用地重金属的化学形态及生物效应

通过对东莞麻涌镇农用地重金属Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb总量及化学形态调查研究。结果显示,以国家土壤二级标准为参考,该目标地土壤Cd含量超标率达79.25%,Cu超标率达51.50%,Ni,Pb未超标。其中Cd离子交换态所占比例较大,达21.83%,Cu、Pb、Ni以残渣态为主。场地作物(菜心、通菜和葱)重金属含量测试结果表明,其含量结果与土壤中Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb各形态、总量之间存在不同程度的联系。     

有机废气的生物处理概述

生物法净化有机废气的研究，国外从８０年代起逐步展开，由于其具有传统方法不可比拟的优越必和安全性，现已成为世界工业废气净化研究的前沿热点课题之一。该文介绍了生物法净化有机废气的原理，以及生物涤气塔，生物滤池，生物滴滤池等主要净化装置的工艺流程，并进而提出了需进一步研究和探讨的方向。     

广州城市绿地土壤特征及其对树木生长的影响

研究广州城市绿地土壤的特征,并探讨其对树木生长的影响。结果表明:广州城市绿地土壤受到不同程度的人为干扰。其中公园和大学校园树林土壤的理化性质虽有一定改变,但仍接近自然土壤的状况;行道树的土壤则过于紧实,且pH值太高,而有机质及氮、磷含量较低。这些土壤问题会对行道树的生长造成不利的影响。文中对这些存在的问题提出了一些相应的改善措施。      

不完全厌氧—好氧同反应器工艺处理印染废水的研究

不完全厌氧—好氧同反应器工艺是通过时段切换在同一反应器内实现印染废水处理的过程。结果表明,反应器体积为30L,水力停留时间为12h,总COD_(Cr)去除率达85％,总BOD_5达94.3％,总色度为87.5％,处理出水COD_(Cr)为140mg/L,BOD_5为8mg/L,色度为50倍,达到了国家二级排放标准。实验表明,经厌氧时间段后,BOD_5/COD_(Cr)由0.15提高至0.37,色度由400倍降至50倍,为好氧时间段的COD_(Cr)去除和总的处理效果提供了保证。     

Effect of ceramic industrial particulate emission control on key components of ambient PM10

The relationship between specific particulate emission control and ambient levels of some PM₁₀ components (Zn, As, Pb, Cs, Tl) was evaluated. To this end, the industrial area of Castellón (Eastern Spain) was selected, where around 40% of the EU glazed ceramic tiles and a high proportion of EU ceramic frits are produced. The PM₁₀ emissions from the ceramic processes were calculated over the period 2000–2006, taking into account the degree of implementation of corrective measures throughout the study period. Abatement systems were implemented in the majority of the fusion kilns for frit manufacture in the area as a result of the application of the Directive 1996/61/EC, leading to a marked decrease in PM₁₀ emissions. By contrast, emissions from tile manufacture remained relatively constant because of the few changes in the implementation of corrective measures. On the other hand, ambient PM₁₀ levels and composition measurements were carried out from 2002 to 2006. A high correlation between PM₁₀ emissions from frit manufacture and ambient levels of Zn, As, Pb and Cs (R² from 0.61 to 0.98) was observed. On the basis of these results, the potential impact of the implementation of corrective measures to reduce emissions from tile manufacture was quantified, resulting in a possible decrease of 3–5 μg/m³ and 2 μg/m³ in ambient mineral PM₁₀ (on an annual basis) in urban and suburban areas, respectively. This relatively simple methodology allows us to estimate the direct effect of a reduction in primary particulate emissions on ambient levels of key particulate components, and to make a preliminary quantification of the possibilities of air quality improvement by means of further emission reduction. Therefore, it is a useful tool for developing future air quality plans in the study area and in other industrialised areas.