养猪场废水处理工艺研究

采用接触氧化－水解－两段接触氧化－混凝工艺处理高浓度养殖废水,通过试验得到最佳工艺参数,在最佳试验条件下,进水ＣＯＤｃｒ小于５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ,经处理后出水ＣＯＤｃｒ平均去地９７％,ＢＯＤ５去除率大于９８％,氨氮去除率大于９６％,各项主要指标可达污水综合排放标准一级标准。     

论生物监测室的建设与管理——微生物分析室部分

本文依据微生物学实验的基本规范,针对市、县环境监测站的特点,结合笔者十多年的工作体会,对生物监测室的微生物分析室的建设与管理,进行了较系统全面的论述,并提出了几个值得探讨的问题。     

强化生物除磷的机理模型研究进展

主要论述了以乙酸盐及葡萄糖作为基质的强化生物除磷的相关机理模型。当以乙酸盐为底物时．重点需要明确导致工艺中微生物代谢模式差异的原因及厌氧条件下还原力供给方式的问题;当以葡萄糖为底物时．主要需要解决厌氧条件下供能方式以及各种微生物之间的关系。某些抑制条件(如供氧不足)可能会促进强化生物除磷效果的实现。强化生物除磷各种机理的差异主要由所驯化的优势微生物种类及其代谢模式不同而造成的。     

How does the brown mussel Perna perna respond to environmental pollution? A review on pollution biomarkers

The brown mussel Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) is a valuable resource for aquaculture in tropical and subtropical coastal regions. It presents desirable characteristics for biomonitoring, including being sessile, widely distributed and abundant, and is a filter-feeder able to accumulate several classes of pollutants (e.g., metals, hydrocarbons, among others). Mussels’ biological responses to pollution exposure can be measured as biomarkers, which include alterations ranging from molecular to physiological levels, to estimate the degree of environmental contamination and its effects on biota. This full review compiles two decades (2000–2020) of literature concerning biological effects on P. perna mussel caused by environmental pollutants (i.e., metals, hydrocarbons, and emerging pollutants), considering environmental and farm-based biomonitoring. Biochemical markers related to mussels’ oxidative status were efficient for the biomonitoring of metals (i.e., antioxidant enzymes associated with oxidative damage in biomolecules). Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity indicators (i.e., comet, micronucleus, and neutral red assays) provided a depiction of hydrocarbon contamination. The neutral red assay gave a time-concentration cytotoxic response to a wide range of pollutants, including emerging pollutants (e.g., pharmaceuticals and biocides) and hydrocarbons. Perna perna hemocyte parameters provided a useful approach for biocide biomonitoring. This paper summarizes useful biomarkers from molecular to physiological levels in this mussel species used to identify and quantify the degree of coastal pollution. An integrated biomarker analysis may provide a way to overcome possible biomarker variations and assess multi-polluted sites. Nevertheless, it is necessary to investigate biomarker variations according to natural factors (e.g., season and gonad maturation stage) to standardize them for trustworthy biomonitoring.     

Four challenges to an effective national nature assessment

Comprehensive biodiversity assessments play an essential role in strengthening global and national conservation strategies. The recently announced first U.S. National Nature Assessment (NNA) provides an unparalleled opportunity to comprehensively review status and trends of biodiversity at all levels. This broad context can help in the coordination of actions to conserve individual species and ecosystems. The scientific assessments that informed the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework adopted at the 2022 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) conference of parties provide models for synthesizing information on trends at multiple levels of biodiversity, including decline in abundance and distribution of species, loss of populations and genetic diversity, and degradation and loss of ecosystems and their services. The assessments then relate these trends to data on drivers of biodiversity loss and pathways to their mitigation. The U.S. NNA can augment such global analyses and avoid the pitfalls encountered by previous U.S. efforts by ensuring policy-relevant design, data accessibility, and inclusivity in process and product and by incorporating spatial data relevant to national and subnational audiences. Although the United States is not formally a CBD party, an effective NNA should take full advantage of the global context by including indicators adopted at the 2022 meeting and incorporating an independent review mechanism that supports periodic stocktaking and ratcheting up of ambition in response to identified shortfalls in stemming biodiversity loss. The challenges to design of an effective U.S. assessment are relevant globally as nations develop assessments and reporting to support the new global biodiversity framework's targets. By considering and incorporating the diverse ways in which society values and benefits from nature, such assessments can help bridge the gap between research and conservation practice and communicate the extent of the biodiversity crisis to the public, fostering broad-based support for transformative change in humanity's relationship to the natural world.     

促进环保产业园区创新创业机制政策作用力研究

文章研究分析了环保产业园发展不同阶段的特征,采用单因素评价法、专家咨询法和模糊综合评价法等方法研究分析了科技人才政策、财税激励政策、金融政策、规范引导政策和配套服务政策等五类环保产业园创新创业促进政策在环保产业园发展的诞生阶段、成长阶段、成熟阶段和衰退阶段以及园区建设全过程的作用力情况,分析得出环保产业园区建设各阶段应...     

黄河微污染原水预处理新方法的实验研究

利用沸石—活性碳组合填料生物滤池对黄河兰州段微污染原水预处理效果进行了实验研究,结果表明:在水力停留时间为40min,气水比为1∶1,水温为25~30℃的实验条件下,对NH4-N、CODMn、UV254、浊度、锰的平均去除率分别为95.0%、32.68%、9.42%、70.1%、91.3%,预处理效果明显,且具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力。     

Guiding restoration of riparian ecosystems degraded by plant invasions: Insights from a complex social-ecological system in the Global South

Restoring riparian ecosystems in human-dominated landscapes requires attention to complexity, and consideration of diverse drivers, social actors, and contexts. Addressing a Global North bias, this case study uses a mixed-method approach, integrating historical data, remote sensing techniques and stakeholder perceptions to guide restoration of a river in the Western Cape, South Africa. An analysis of aerial photographs of the riparian zone from 1953 to 2016 revealed that although anthropogenic land conversion happened primarily before the 1950s, several land use and land cover classes showed marked increases in area, including: waterbodies (+ 1074%), urban areas (+ 316%), alien weeds (+ 311%) and terrestrial alien trees (+ 79%). These changes have likely been driven by land fragmentation, disturbance, and agricultural intensification. Stakeholder interviews revealed that despite the clear need for restoration, several barriers exist to successful implementation; these stem from inadequate financial resources, inappropriate funding models, institutional challenges, and a lack of techno-scientific knowledge. We give several recommendations to overcome these barriers.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01691-y.     

生物除磷过程中乙酸盐厌氧代谢机理的研究

本文研究了生物除磷过程中乙酸盐厌氧代谢机理。结果表明,在厌氧条件下,活性污泥的聚-β-羟基丁酸盐含量,无机磷酸盐释放量分别随乙酸盐吸收量的增加而呈线性关系上升。      

循序间歇式废水生物除磷处理工艺微生物学特性的研究

考察了处理效果良好的循序间歇式废水生物除磷试验装置内活性污泥的微生物组成及其优势菌的磷代谢特性。试验结果表明,活性污泥混合液中的优势菌为假单胞菌属,其次是气单胞菌属和棒杆菌属,仅发现少量的不动杆菌属。当以乙酸钠为基质时,假单胞菌属于好氧培养过程中能明显除磷,其效果与厌氧/好氧培养过程的相近。另外,在好氧条件下,以乙酸钠为基质培养时,向培养基内滴加H₂SO₄可导致假单胞菌产生磷释放现象,滴加NaOH或NaHCO₃时,则发生过量摄磷现象,并且加NaOH所引起的磷摄取量较NaHCO₃的大。