京杭运河江苏段底栖动物群落结构调查

通过2018年5月在京杭运河江苏段布设23个采样点调查底栖动物群落结构和生境状况,并用Shannon-Wie-ner多样性指数评价底栖动物多样性,用聚类法分析采样点底栖动物群落结构相似性,用ANOSIM分析检验聚类组差异性,用SIMPER对聚类组作主要特征物种分析.结果显示:23个采样点共采集底栖动物42种,其中甲壳纲...     

家用空调噪声监测与评价

为解决家用空调器噪声污染纠纷日益增多的问题,以一居民住宅楼为例,对家用空调噪声影响进行了监测与评价,并提出了防治措施。     

Monitoring of environmental parameters for CO2 sequestration: a case study of Nagpur City, India

The use of native plants was examined in three rural communities in the semi-arid of the state of Pernambuco, in northeastern Brazil. The techniques employed in the present study combined a number of different techniques of data-gathering, including semi-structured interviews, guided tour, key-informants, and participating observation, and sampling of the vegetation to evaluate the biodiversity of useful plants. A total of 61 woody species were cataloged, mostly used for construction purposes or fuel. Among the species that stood out for their local importance and multiplicity of uses were: Myracrodruon urundeuva (Engl.) Fr. All., Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl., and Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan. The first two species are included in Brazilian lists of threatened species. Arguments are presented for strategies of management and conservation of plant resources in the semi-arid region that seek alternatives to the use of timber species and the development of alternative non-timber resources.     

微生物传感器的研究现状及在水环境监测中的应用

微生物传感器是一种迅速发展的环境监测手段。文章介绍了微生物传感器的构成及工作原理与研究现状,并对微生物传感器进行了分类。文章还讨论了微生物传感器在水环境监测中的应用,其中包括在BOD检测、有机物检测及生物毒性检测中的应用,并对其在实际监测应用中所遇问题进行了分析。     

Evaluation of hexavalent chromium removal in a continuous biological filter with the use of central composite design (CCD)

Hexavalent chromium is frequently found in industrial effluents as a result of the industrial applications of this compound and its anti-corrosive features. However, hexavalent chromium is extremely toxic, and its discharge in water is regulated, with a maximum limit of 0.1 mg/L in accordance with legislation established by CONAMA-Brazil (no. 397, April 3, 2008). To achieve lower discharge values, it is necessary to reduce from Cr(VI) to Cr(III), which is less toxic, and an economic alternative involves biological removal of this compound. Residence time distributions (RTDs) were measured to evaluate the behavior of actual biofilter operation conditions in a biofilter flow. The medium residence time distributions used were 8 and 24 h (recommended by the legislation). To optimize this process, a central composite design was used, considering the initial chromium concentration and pH as the independent variables and the removal of hexavalent chromium as the response. The boundary curves and surface response showed optimal behavior at 3.94 mg/L [Cr(0)] and a pH of 6.2. The removal process of hexavalent chromium is mathematically described by the Michaelis-Menten kinetic model. This model appropriately represents the variation of chromium concentration along the bioreactor.     

Anammox in a UASB reactor treating saline wastewater

The feasibility of an anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) bioreactor to treat ammonium-rich brines was investigated in batch and continuous-flow experiments. The evidence from batch tests indicated that the anammox activity was significantly inhibited under highly saline conditions while the inhibition was reversible. Saline shock loading of 30 g NaCl l⁻¹ caused a 67.5% decrease in specific anammox activity (SAA) compared to reference biomass (not exposed to salt). However, the acclimatized biomass displayed a SAA value just 45.1% lower than that of the reference biomass. When transferred from brine to freshwater, the salt-exposed biomass resumed its activity by 43.1%. Subsequent to appropriate acclimatization, careful manipulation nitrite concentration, nitrogen loading rate (NLR), and other operational parameters for 77 days, the results of continuous-flow experiment revealed that under the salinity of 30 g NaCl l⁻¹ the reactor performed well and the substrate removal capacity (nitrogen removal rate, NRR, of 448 ± 15 mgl⁻¹ d⁻¹) was comparable to the condition of freshwater (NRR of 464 ± 13 mgl⁻¹ d⁻¹). However, the anammox UASB bioreactor was prone to malfunction under transient operating conditions.     

Rotating biological contactors for wastewater treatment – A review

Rotating biological contactors (RBCs) for wastewater treatment began in the 1970s. Removal of organic matter has been targeted within organic loading rates of up to 120 g m⁻² d⁻¹ with an optimum at around 15 g m⁻² d⁻¹ for combined BOD and ammonia removal. Full nitrification is achievable under appropriate process conditions with oxidation rates of up to 6 g m⁻² d⁻¹ reported for municipal wastewater. The RBC process has been adapted for denitrification with reported removal rates of up to 14 g m⁻² d⁻¹ with nitrogen rich wastewaters. Different media types can be used to improve organic/nitrogen loading rates through selecting for different bacterial groups. The RBC has been applied with only limited success for enhanced biological phosphorus removal and attained up to 70% total phosphorus removal. Compared to other biofilm processes, RBCs had 35% lower energy costs than trickling filters but higher demand than wetland systems. However, the land footprint for the same treatment is lower than these alternatives. The RBC process has been used for removal of priority pollutants such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products. The RBC system has been shown to eliminate 99% of faecal coliforms and the majority of other wastewater pathogens. Novel RBC reactors include systems for energy generation such as algae, methane production and microbial fuel cells for direct current generation. Issues such as scale up remain challenging for the future application of RBC technology and topics such as phosphorus removal and denitrification still require further research. High volumetric removal rate, solids retention, low footprint, hydraulic residence times are characteristics of RBCs. The RBC is therefore an ideal candidate for hybrid processes for upgrading works maximising efficiency of existing infrastructure and minimising energy consumption for nutrient removal. This review will provide a link between disciplines and discuss recent developments in RBC research and comparison of recent process designs are provided (Section 2). The microbial features of the RBC biofilm are highlighted (Section 3) and topics such as biological nitrogen removal and priority pollutant remediation are discussed (Sections 4 Biological nutrient removal in RBCs, 5 Priority pollutant remediation in RBCs). Developments in kinetics and modelling are highlighted (Section 6) and future research themes are mentioned.     

应用生物制剂修复黑臭河涌试验研究

应用固定化生物催化剂(IBC)对江门市某河涌进行生物修复。结果表明:向底泥投加IBC能增加底泥中有益微生物量,优化底泥微生物群落,使河涌底泥中有机质逐渐降解;同时能抑制硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)繁殖,降低底泥中硫化物含量。试验进行4个月后,底泥有机质去除率达到54.7%⁶3.7%,底泥中SRB数量减少了92.8%63.7%,底泥中SRB数量减少了92.8%⁹4.5%,底泥硫化物含量降低了81.9%94.5%,底泥硫化物含量降低了81.9%⁸7.5%,河涌黑臭现象基本消除;向上覆水体投加IBC,在IBC中微生物和多种酶的协同作用下,水中有机污染物被快速降解,上覆水体的COD和氨氮浓度逐渐下降,试验进行4个月时,去除率分别达到20.0%87.5%,河涌黑臭现象基本消除;向上覆水体投加IBC,在IBC中微生物和多种酶的协同作用下,水中有机污染物被快速降解,上覆水体的COD和氨氮浓度逐渐下降,试验进行4个月时,去除率分别达到20.0%³5.2%和32.9%35.2%和32.9%⁴4.1%,提高了河涌的生物自净能力。     

温度对凤眼莲浮岛净化效果影响的研究

以凤眼莲浮床为研究对象,研究不同温度下浮床的净化效率、水生植物生长情况和植物体中氮磷的累积量。研究结果表明,凤眼莲浮岛对TN、TP的去除率与温度并不成正相关。浮岛的处理效果主要与浮岛植物的生物量有关,其处理效率随着生物量的增加而增加。凤眼莲浮岛25℃时处理效率明显高于35℃和15℃。在北方地区浮岛技术的生态学价值要显著于环境工程价值。     

生物流化床法处理废水的研究与应用进展

介绍了国内外应用生物流化床法处理废水的研究及技术进展，着重阐述了好氧流化床与厌氧流化床的发展,概况，并介绍了几种新型生物流化反应器，指出了今后进一步研究与应用生物流化床的前景与努力方向。