常用曝气系统在城市给水工程中的应用对比

生物接触氧化法作为城市给水工程生物预处理工艺,近年来得到了日益广泛的实际应用。本文对给水生物接触氧化法预处理工艺中常用的两种曝气系统(微孔曝气器曝气和穿孔管曝气)作了简单介绍,并结合中试试验和工程实践对这两种不同曝气系统作了充氧性能、系统造价、运行成本及运行管理等方面的比较分析。研究表明,在实际污水处理厂生物池曝气系统应用中,采用微孔曝气器的曝气系统优于采用穿孔管的曝气系统。     

生物接触氧化对景观水体中氨氮的去除研究

采用自行设计的试验装置,研究了生物接触氧化技术在景观水体抽出处理回用中的应用,探讨了氨氮的去除规律。试验内容包括生物膜的挂膜及驯化;在不同水力停留时间、曝气强度下,氨氮的去除效果及三氮的变化情况;最后研究了水温对氨氮去除率的影响。试验结果表明,在最佳试验条件下,即曝气强度为0.030 m3/h,水力停留时间为3 h时,氨氮的去除率可以达到90%以上,COD的去除率达到43.5%,并且没有出现亚硝态氮累积的问题。该技术对温度的适宜性较好,即使温度在5~8℃,对氨氮也可以保持较高的去除率,满足景观水体水质要求。当温度小于5℃时,系统氨氮的去除率迅速减小。     

南四湖地区甜瓜病虫害防治中的农业面源污染防控研究

通过生物农药绿色替代和农药减量与精准施用技术应用,研究其在甜瓜白粉病、霜霉病、炭疽病等真菌病害防治中的病虫防治效果、经济效益、环境效益,为地区农业病虫防治中农药替代、减施增效,防止或减缓农业面源污染提供依据.     

利用地衣监测大气污染研究进展

介绍了大气清洁度指数法、地衣微核检测法等地衣监测大气污染的几种常用方法,并针对地衣对各种污染物的监测研究进行讨论.在总结国内外相关研究的基础上,探讨了目前我国地衣研究中存在的问题和未来研究方向.     

一株异养脱氮菌的分离及脱氮性能研究

经过野外采样、稀释平板法、富集培养等步骤进行初步筛选得到12株菌,并通过测定其对NH4+-N去除效果,复筛得到1株对NH4+-N去除率最高的菌株,命名为Y8。该菌株为革兰氏阴性杆状菌。通过小试的初步研究,考察了不同碳源、温度、pH值、摇床转速对Y8去除NH4+-N的影响,实验结果表明:Y8在以丁二酸纳为唯一碳源、温度30℃、pH值9.5、转速150 r/min条件下去除NH4+-N效果最好;并且在有氧情况下对NO3--N和NO2--N均有一定去除效果。     

UASB——生物接触氧化工艺处理啤酒废水

以沈阳某啤酒企业为例,采用UASB＋接触氧化工艺处理啤酒废水。通过污水处理站的启动调试与运行证明,UASB＋生物接触氧化工艺处理啤酒行业高负荷有机废水工艺稳定可靠,各项指标都可达到《啤酒工业水污染排放标准》（GB19821-2005）的排放要求。     

Where clocks are redundant: weak circadian mechanisms in reindeer living under polar photic conditions

Biological rhythms are a result of interplay between endogenous clocks and the ambient light–dark (LD) cycle. Biological timing in resident polar organisms presents a conundrum because these experience distinct daily LD cycles for only a few weeks each year. We measured locomotor activity in reindeer, Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus (SR, n = 5 and 6) and R. tarandus tarandus (NR, n = 6), ranging freely at 78 and 70°N, respectively, continuously throughout 1 year using data loggers. NR, but not SR, are gregarious which enabled us to examine the integrated effects of differences in social organisation and the photic environment at two different latitudes on the organisation of activity. In both sub-species, ultradian bouts of activity and inactivity alternated across the 24-h day throughout the year. This pattern was modified by the LD cycle in NR but barely at all in SR. Periodogram analysis revealed significant ultradian rhythmicity in both sub-species; the frequency of daily cycles of activity increased from three per day in winter to nearly five in summer. We conclude that this increase, and a concomitant increase in the level of daily activity, reflected the seasonal increase in the animals’ appetite and the quality of their forage. Secondly, the combination, most evident in SR, of a weak photic response, weak circadian mechanisms and a weak social synchronization reduces the constraints of biological timing in an environment which is effectively non-rhythmic most of the year and permits expression of the basic ultradian pattern of ruminant activity. Third, the weaker 24-h rhythmicity in SR compared to NR indicates a latitudinal decrease in circadian organization and photic responsiveness in Rangifer.     

复合生物法处理炼化污水厂恶臭气体

介绍了“生物洗涤+生物滴滤”的复合生物法在某炼化企业污水处理厂治理恶臭污染的工艺原理、技术流程、过程控制和实践效果,分析讨论生物处理装置运行影响因素。实践结果表明,复合生物技术对炼化企业污水处理厂恶臭治理具有较为理想的恶臭净化效果,其中硫化氢处理效率可达到98%,非甲烷总烃处理效率可达到94%,且运行操作简便、成本低廉、无二次污染。     

Effects of water regime, crop residues, and application rates on control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense

Biological soil disinfestation is an effective method to control soil-borne disease by flooding and incorporating with organic amendments, but field conditions and resources sometimes limited its practical application. A laboratory experiment was conducted to develop practice guidelines on controlling Fusarium wilt, a widespread banana disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense(FOC). FOC infested soil incorporated with rice or maize straw at rates of 1.5 tons/ha and 3.0 tons/ha was incubated under flooded or water-saturated(100% water holding capacity) conditions at 30℃ for 30 days. Results showed that FOC populations in the soils incorporated with either rice or maize straw rapidly reduced more than 90% in the first 15 days and then fluctuated till the end of incubation, while flooding alone without organic amendment reduced FOC populations slightly. The rapid and dramatic decrease of redox potential(down to- 350 m V) in straw-amended treatments implied that both anaerobic condition and strongly reductive soil condition would contribute to pathogen inactivation. Water-saturation combined with straw amendments had the comparable effects on reduction of FOC, indicating that flooding was not indispensable for inactivating FOC. There was no significant difference in the reduction of FOC observed in the straw amendments at between 1.5 and 3 tons/ha. Therefore,incorporating soil with straw(rice or maize straw) at a rate of 3.0 tons/ha under 100%water holding capacity or 1.5 tons/ha under flooding, would effectively alleviate banana Fusarium wilt caused by FOC after 15-day treating under 30℃.     

飞行器隔热瓦1200℃性能测试中接触热阻影响仿真与验证

目的 建立统一的飞行器隔热材料性能测试标准。方法 利用数值方法对飞行器隔热瓦1 200℃热环境性能测试中的传热模型进行计算。设计3种不同热导率和表面粗糙度的绝热材料隔热性能对比试验。在考虑接触面间凹凸点完全接触导热、接触间隙介质导热和相邻界面辐射传热联合作用时,能够获得与实测数据基本一致的计算结果。结果 试验证明,接触热阻是导致实测数据与理想传热结果相悖的主要原因。获得了接触热阻条件下热扩散系数随传热过程的变化关系,定量得到了相同测试条件下给定的3种不同热导率与粗糙度底部绝热材料对隔热性能测试结果的影响。结论 测试结果存在较大偏差的主要原因是表面粗糙度所致,两接触面在高温条件下更有利于热流传播。研究结果可为飞行器热防护系统设计与性能考核试验方案的确定提供重要参考依据。