生化净水工艺系统节约混凝剂和液氯用量生产性研究

用生化净水工艺和传统净水工艺系统进行了受污染姚江水源水的对比试验研究,以探讨生化系统节约的混凝剂和液氯用量。结果表明,在相同的净水条件下,生化工艺系统处理污染原水比传统净水工艺节约混凝剂硫酸铝50％以上,节约液氯75％～80％,具有显著的经济、社会效益。     

论生物监测室的建设与管理——微生物分析室部分

本文依据微生物学实验的基本规范,针对市、县环境监测站的特点,结合笔者十多年的工作体会,对生物监测室的微生物分析室的建设与管理,进行了较系统全面的论述,并提出了几个值得探讨的问题。     

Ag-Cu触点废料制备超细铜粉

将Ag-Cu触点废料用酸溶解,再采用分步沉淀法去除Ag-Cu触点中的Ag+、Sn2+、Sn4+,抽滤后得到含CuCl2的溶液,然后采用液相还原法制备微米级铜粉(质量分数≥99.9%)。利用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜测试颗粒的结构和形貌。结果表明:实验成功制备了形状均匀,粒径在0.3~0.6μm类球形的超细铜粉。     

Using data augmentation via the Gibbs Sampler to incorporate missing covariate structure in linear models for ecological assessments

Missing covariate values in linear regression models can be an important problem facing environmental researchers. Existing missing value treatment methods such as Multiple Imputation (MI), the EM algorithm and Data Augmentation (DA) have the assumption that both observed and unobserved data come from the same distribution, most commonly a multivariate normal or a conditionally multivariate normal family. These methods do try to incorporate the missing data mechanism and rely on the assumption of Missing At Random (MAR). We present a DA method which does not rely on the MAR assumption and can model missing data mechanisms and covariate structure. This method utilizes the Gibbs Sampler as a tool for incorporating these structures and mechanisms. We apply this method to an ecological data set that relates fish condition to environmental variables. Notice that the presented DA method detects relationships that are not detected when other missing data methods are employed.

Evolutionary cause of the vulnerability of insular communities

Communities on oceanic islands are considered to be vulnerable to biological invasion. However, because the detailed structures of such communities have not yet been revealed, the relationship between their vulnerability and structure is not clear. Because such communities evolved without biological invasion, they are expected to have structures different from those of mainland communities, and this difference is expected to affect their vulnerability to invasion. I conducted computer simulations based on a food web model and investigated the difference in structure between mainland and insular model communities, the former of which evolved with frequent invasion and the latter without invasion. In addition, by conducting computer simulations of invasion of these model communities, I investigated the relationship between community structure and vulnerability to biological invasion. The insular model community evolved to have an unstable structure, in that a small number of plant species supported a large number of animal species, and each species in the community had a small biomass. When a plant species invaded and disturbed the base of the insular model community, many animal species relying on the plants easily became extinct. In addition, when a carnivorous species invaded, animal species with small biomass tended to become extinct. Community collapses caused by biological invasion occurred more frequently in the insular model community than in the mainland model community. These results indicated that those communities that evolved without invasion were vulnerable to invasion. The available data on real insular communities suggest that some have reached the endangered state predicted by this model.     

胶片厂印刷胶片废水治理工艺改进

生物接触氧化法处理印刷胶片生产废水 ,实际处理效率只有设计效率的一半。通过可生化性检测和 2种生化处理工艺对比试验 ,确定改用水解酸化 -接触氧化工艺处理该类废水 ,可实现达标排放     

厌氧-好氧法处理特种有机工业废水的动态模拟实验

采用絮凝、毒性及生化试验,确定了废水处理最佳工艺流程,研究了浓度、停留时间对COD去除率的影响．结果表明,该有机废水采用絮凝净化效果不大,且对生化处理具有一定的抑制作用,当系统进水COD为3000mg/L,流量为1L/h时;经过厌氧、两级好氧处理后,出水中COD可降至150mg/L以下,总去除率可达95％以上,达到了工业废水排放标准．     

臭氧—生物活性炭工艺去除水中有机微污染物

在臭氧化的反应柱中填装陶粒滤料,构成了臭氧－陶粒→生物活性炭不深度净化流程,用该流程去除水中有机微污染物,ＣＯＤＭＮ去除率近近４０％,浊度和色度大大降低,色－质联机分析表明,原水中有机物由５８种降至３０种,潜在有毒有害物质由１３种减少到４种。     

养猪场废水处理工艺研究

采用接触氧化－水解－两段接触氧化－混凝工艺处理高浓度养殖废水,通过试验得到最佳工艺参数,在最佳试验条件下,进水ＣＯＤｃｒ小于５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ,经处理后出水ＣＯＤｃｒ平均去地９７％,ＢＯＤ５去除率大于９８％,氨氮去除率大于９６％,各项主要指标可达污水综合排放标准一级标准。     

生物脱氮新技术研究进展

本文对短程硝化反硝化、同时硝化反硝化及厌氧氨氧化等生物脱氮新技术的研究和开发进展进行了简单的综述和讨论 ,并指出了这些新技术的特点和研究开发应用的前景。