气浮-水解-接触氧化工艺处理蜡防印花废水技术

介绍采用气浮-水解-接触氧化工艺处理蜡防印花废水技术。工程实践运行表明,该工艺处理效果好、运行稳定。各项指标均可达到《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》(GB4287-1992)二级排放标准。     

两级曝气生物滤池工艺的小试研究

对两级曝气生物滤池(上向流-下向流)处理生活污水进行了试验研究。试验表明,两级曝气生物滤池在水力负荷小于4m/h,进水COD浓度变化范围为100~500mg/L,一级气水比为3∶1~5∶1,二级气水比为1∶1~2∶1的条件下,出水水质稳定,出水水质达到生活杂用水水质标准。     

低能耗组合工艺处理小城镇污水的中试研究

开发中小城镇适用的简易高效污水处理成套技术,解决城镇污水处理厂的三高问题,这对于污染严重、资源短缺、经济尚不够发达的我国,在一段时期内具有重要意义。在城市污水处理厂建立了改进型膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)+接触氧化组合中试工艺处理城市污水,在组合工艺停留时间为8h时,出水COD、氨氮、SS都能够达到城市污水二级排放标准。水力停留时间对组合工艺出水中的氨氮、SS去除效果影响明显,随着水力停留时间的提高,出水中的氨氮、SS下降。当处理量为1000t/d时,对该组合工艺的能耗进行了计算,吨水能耗为0.13元,为传统城镇污水处理吨水能耗的55%左右。     

Biodiversity conservation: From ecosystem to the ecosystem approach

The possibility of implementing 12 principles of the ecosystem approach is considered with regard to the results of meetings of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and recent international forums. The importance of these principles for achieving the main goals of the CBD is shown, and the role of biosphere reserves in solving urgent problems of biodiversity conservation and sustainable development in adjoining territories of subjects of the Russian Federation is discussed.     

Removal of AOX, total nitrogen and chlorinated lignin from bleached Kraft mill effluents by UV oxidation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide utilizing TiO2 as photocatalyst

Background, aim, and scope  The pulp and paper industry is the sixth largest polluter discharging a variety of gaseous, liquid, and solid wastes into the environment. Effluents from bleached Kraft mill effluents (BKME) are polluting waters to a great extent These effluents cause considerable damage to the receiving waters if discharged untreated since they have high levels of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), chlorinated compounds (measured as AOX), suspended solids (mainly fibers), fatty acids, tannins, resin acids, lignin and its derivatives, sulfur and sulfur compounds, etc. This study aimed to remove adsorbed organic halogen (AOX), total nitrogen, and lignin-degrading products in the wastewater (4,500 m³/h) from the paper mill in the pulp and paper industry, which is discharged to sea from a plant located in western Turkey. Materials and methods  The photocatalytic degradation of AOX, total nitrogen, and chlorinated lignin in BKME have been investigated in different parameters, such as time, H₂O₂ and TiO₂ concentration. In addition, for investigating the effect of chlorine on the removal of lignin, pure lignin solution was prepared in equal amounts to chlorinated lignin degradation products found in BKME. The same experiments were conducted for this solution. Experiments were carried out in photocatalytic reactor made of Pyrex glass. The mercury lamp was used as a radiation source. All irradiation was carried out under constant stirring. The existence of dissolved O₂ is an important factor which increases the photocatalytic degradation. Hence, we used an air pump for the aeration of the wastewater solutions. The temperature of the wastewater was controlled and adjusted to 25°C by thermostat pump in conjunction with a cooler. At the end of all experiments, AOX, total nitrogen and lignin concentrations were analyzed according to standard methods. All experiments were performed in duplicate and average values were used. Results and discussion  When the effect of H₂O₂ and time were investigated, it was observed that the AOX concentration increased from 3.0 to 11.0 mg/L by only UV. However, when H₂O₂ was added, AOX concentration decreased from approximately 3.0 to 0.0 mg/L. The optimal conditions for the removal of AOX appear to be an initial H₂O₂ concentration of 20.0 mL/L and reaction time of 50 min. In addition, at the same experiment conditions, it was seen that the total nitrogen concentration decreased from 23.0 to 15.0 mg/L by only UV and by increasing H₂O₂ concentration, the concentration of 20.0 mL/L H₂O₂ appears to be optimal (9.0 mg/L). The AOX, total nitrogen and lignin degradation products and pure lignin go through a minimum when the concentration of H₂O₂ and TiO₂ increases at constant pH and UV intensity. The kinetics for the degradation of AOX, total nitrogen and lignin degradation products followed a pseudo-first order law with respect to the products, and the degradation rates (min⁻¹) for the UV/TiO₂/H₂O₂ system were higher than that of the corresponding values for the UV/H₂O₂ system. Conclusions  The AOX, total nitrogen and lignin concentration go through a minimum when the concentration of H₂O₂ and TiO₂ increases at constant pH and UV intensity. It was found that the UV/TiO₂/H₂O₂ system has proved capable of the degradation of total nitrogen as well as chlorinated and degraded lignin in BKME. Recommendations and perspectives  The photocatalytic process can be considered a suitable alternative for the remove of some compounds from the BKME. Nevertheless, further studies should be carried out to confirm the practical feasibility of BKME. Another result obtained from the study is that pre-purification carried out with UV/TiO₂/H₂O₂ photocatalytic process may constitute an important step for further purification processes such as adsorption, membrane processes, etc.     

己二酸和己二酸钠强化石灰石WFGD的对比研究

在湍球塔设备上进行了己二酸和己二酸钠强化石灰石WFGD的对比研究,考察了2种添加剂对脱硫过程的强化和缓冲作用,分析计算了2种添加剂对石灰石的利用率。实验结果表明,2种添加剂可以在较低浆液pH下维持较高脱硫率,并且2种添加剂均促进了CaCO₃的溶解,在相同条件下己二酸钠有更好的脱硫效果,而己二酸有更好的缓冲作用,且己二酸促进CaCO₃溶解的效果更显著。     

混凝-催化氧化-水解酸化-生物接触氧化法处理染料废水的中试研究

采用混凝-催化氧化-水解酸化-生物接触氧化法处理高浓度难降解分散染料废水.比较分析了O_3、UV/TiO_2/O_3,UV/O_3/H_2O_23种高级氧化法的处理效果.结果表明,UV/TiO_2/O_3对废水COD和色度有较高的去除率.可明显改善废水的可生化性,废水的BOD_5/COD由0.05～0.07升高至0.42～0.46.在混凝沉淀单元HRT为1.5 h.催化氧化单元(UV/TiO_2/O_3)HRT为3.0 h,水解酸化HRT为10.0 h,生物接触氧化HRT为10.0 h的最佳条件下,该组合工艺对废水COD和色度总的去除率分别可达95.0%、99.5%.     

厌氧接触式反应器预处理高浓度丙烯酸废水

采用厌氧接触式反应器,对自配丙烯酸(AA)废水进行预处理.反应器经污泥驯化稳定运行后,在HRT为12h,进水丙烯酸浓度为1000～3 000 mg/L,丙烯酸容积负荷为2～6 kg AA/(m3·d),污泥负荷为0.67～2.00kg AA/(kg VSS·d)的条件下,丙烯酸去除率达95%以上,出水丙烯酸浓度低于16...     

化学沉淀-水解酸化-生物接触氧化-反渗透工艺处理垃圾渗滤液

研究了采用化学沉淀-水解酸化-生物接触氧化-反渗透组合工艺处理垃圾渗滤液的最佳条件,在pH=9,n(Mg2+)∶n(NH4+)∶n(PO34-)=1.2∶1∶1.05,搅拌速率170r/min,搅拌时间21 min条件下进行化学沉淀法脱氮,水解酸化反应器内废水停留时间10 h,生物接触氧化反应器内废水停留时间12 h,...     

一个中药污水处理工程运行实例

江苏省某企业中药污水处理工程采用调节池+深度水解+三级接触氧化+沉淀的处理工艺,该工艺运行费用低,处理效果稳定,便于管理,操作简单,易于维护。运行过程中,进水COD为2 500～3 500 mg/L,BOD5为1 200～1 500 mg/L,其出水各项指标均达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)中的一级排放标准。