荷兰DSM化工厂生物除氮技术简介

本文主要介绍了荷兰DSM化工厂生物除氮技术     

生物法处理涂装废水工程设计

采用生物法处理涂装废水，具有投资省，处理效果好，运行费用低，系统稳定等特点，是涂装工业废水处理的一种可靠选择。     

UASB-接触氧化法处理果汁厂废水研究

中国是浓缩果汁生产大国,河南省三门峡市果汁生产企业众多,果汁厂废水处理问题亟待解决,本研究以高效厌氧反应器UASB技术为核心,采用UASB-接触氧化法进行果汁废水处理,设计主要工艺流程,对系统运行预期效果及经济成本进行分析,并探讨处理过程中的条件控制,以期获得符合三门峡果汁生产企业实际的废水处理方案,并为同类企业提供技术支持和参考案例.通过试运行最终得出将回流比固定为8 ～ 10,体系pH为6.6～7.0,系统运行稳定且COD去除率较高.     

生物型表面活性剂在煤表面润湿吸附规律研究

为了探讨生物型表面活性剂溶液在煤表面的润湿吸附规律,选定茶皂素、蔗糖酯、无患子和脂肽这4种结构性能不同的生物型表面活性剂作为研究对象,通过对4种溶液在煤表面接触角和表面张力进行测定,研究这4种生物型表面活性剂在煤表面的铺展系数、黏附功、黏附张力等润湿吸附参数。研究结果表明:脂肽的表面张力、接触角和黏附功均低于其他3种溶液,而其铺展系数高于其他3种溶液,说明脂肽在煤表面的润湿吸附性要强于茶皂素、蔗糖酯和无患子,但是黏附性则低于茶皂素、蔗糖酯和无患子。脂肽对煤体的润湿吸附性能优于另外3种生物型表面活性剂。     

Measuring conservation success beyond the traditional biological criteria: the case of conservation projects in Costa Rica,Mekong Valley,and Cameroon

Traditionally, the criteria used to measure conservation success or failure are based on biological factors. Biological factors include changes in the amount of targeted conserved species, biodiversity, and total area conserved. However, conservation efforts are not simply a matter of biological concern; environmental, political, social, and conflict pressures on different scales (ranging from local to global) also have strong influences on the outcome of conservation. These other factors can either pose threats to or enhance conservation, but are not addressed by current criteria. Using a proposed holistic rubric that includes interdisciplinary fields, this paper examines a set of conservation factors on different scales – ranging from local to global – to determine their importance in conservation. The paper analyses positive factor influences with more successful conservation and negative factor influences with less successful, or failed, conservation attempts. Neutral and non‐applicable factor influences are also identified, defined, and ranked as a standardization mechanism. The determination of success changed when the holistic rubric was applied to conservation projects in Costa Rica, Mekong Valley, and Cameroon. In the Costa Rica case study, conservation success for Guanacaste and Talamanca national parks is rated ‘moderately low’. In the case of Mekong Valley, conservation success is rated ‘low’ for Lower Mekong, ‘moderately low’ for Greater Annamites, and ‘low’ for Phong Nha‐Ke Bang national parks. Cameroon's Congo Basin and Sangha Tri‐National conservation efforts are both rated ‘low’, while Dja Faunal is rated ‘very low’. We conclude that if conservation efforts are to attain a high level of success, the strategy for global conservation must move away from the traditional biological approach, which focuses mainly on biological concerns, and embrace a holistic approach, which in addition to biological concerns, addresses environmental, political, social, and conflict pressures, which have strong influences on the outcomes of conservation.     

生态碳纤维填料用于集约型水产养殖废水处理

随着水产养殖逐步从粗放型向集约型养殖发展,水产养殖废水对水环境污染日益加剧。为实现废水循环利用,采用生态碳纤维材料作为接触氧化池内填料处理集约型水产养殖废水,进行中试研究。通过改变曝气强度和水力停留时间(HRT)参数,确定对接触氧化池处理效果及运行特性的影响。试验结果表明:生态碳纤维填料具有易挂膜的优点,接触氧化池内用实际水产养殖废水接种活性污泥,24 h后填料表面附有棕褐色的生物膜,池内水体清澈透明。曝气强度和HRT是影响接触氧化池处理效果的重要因素。在DO为3 mg/L,pH在7~8.5左右,HRT为10 h时,COD、NH4+-N、TP、浊度去除率分别为80%、60%、30%和80%左右。NO2--N、NO3-N浓度分别低于0.1 mg/L和0.5 mg/L,经过接触氧化池处理后的水进入消毒池,出水用于养鱼实现废水循环利用。     

气浮＋A/O＋接触氧化＋转盘过滤法处理饮料废水的应用研究

针对饮料废水可生化性较好的特点,可采用气浮＋A/O＋接触氧化＋转盘过滤组合工艺处理饮料废水。采用气浮工艺物化处理单元,可有效去除大部分不溶性有机物和悬浮物,实现大分子链断裂转化为小分子,采用A/O＋生物接触氧化生化处理,可使水质达到一级B标,采用转盘过滤深度处理总氮和总磷,出水达到一级A标。通过云南某饮料企业的实践,该方法可高效处理饮料废水。     

啤酒废水组合处理工艺的应用与工程实例

概述国内现阶段啤酒生产废水厌氧与好氧组合处理工艺的应用,同时对某厂利用EGSB＋接触氧化＋过滤组合工艺处理啤酒废水的实际应用进行了介绍,处理后排放废水水质达到景观环境用水标准（GB/T18921-2002）,处理啤酒废水费用为0.75元/m3,同时可产生沼气作为能源利用,具有一定的经济效益。     

基于CW-MECN的冷却塔拆除爆破安全风险评价

为了对冷却塔拆除爆破过程进行安全风险评价,实现对各类影响因素的动态分析,融合信息熵理论、层次分析法和集对分析理论,提出了一种组合权重(CW)与多元联系数(MECN)的拆除爆破安全风险态势评价体系,从现场安全管理、拆除爆破方案设计、爆破施工过程管理和爆区作业环境4个方面,选取17个评价指标,建立了拆除爆破安全风险评价模型。以某电厂冷却塔拆除爆破工程为例,对建立的安全风险评价模型进行了应用。结果表明,该方法实现了冷却塔拆除爆破过程中的静态风险态势和动态风险趋势的综合评价,评价结果为此类拆除爆破施工提供了决策依据,有效弥补了现有评价方法的不足。     

On the risk of extinction of a wild plant species through spillover of a biological control agent: Analysis of an ecosystem compartment model

Invasive plant species can be controlled by introducing natural enemies (insect herbivores) from their native range. However, such introduction entails the risk that the introduced herbivores attack indigenous plant species in the area of introduction. Here, we study the effect of spillover of a herbivore from a managed ecosystem compartment (agriculture) to a natural compartment (non-managed) and vice versa. In the natural compartment, an indigenous plant species is attacked by the introduced herbivores, whereas another indigenous plant species, which competes with the first, is not attacked. The combination of competition and herbivory may result in extinction of the attacked wild plant species. Using a modelling approach, we determine model parameters that characterize the risk of extinction for a wild plant species. Risk factors include: (1) a high attack rate of the herbivores on the wild non-target species, (2) niche overlap expressed as strong competition between the attacked non-target species and its competitor(s), and (3) factors favouring large spillover from the managed ecosystem compartment to the natural compartment; these include (3a) a high dispersal ability, and (3b) a moderate attack rate of the introduced herbivore on the target species, enabling large resident populations of the insect herbivore in the managed compartment. The analysis thus indicates that a high attack rate on the target species, which is a selection criterion for biocontrol agents with respect to their effectiveness, also mitigates risks resulting from spillover and non-target effects. While total eradication of an invasive plant species is not possible in the one-compartment-one-plant-one-herbivore system, natural enemy spillover from a natural to a managed compartment can make the invasive weed go extinct.