SBR法的特点及其在生物脱氮中的应用

SBR兼有全混合反应器与推流式反应器的优点，物料混合均匀，耐冲击负荷，不存在物料返混，生化反应动力大，处理好，SBR法的整个过程可放置于一个构筑物内完成，工艺简单，操作灵活，此外，通过对SBR的适当调控，易形成好氧／缺氧交替的环境，为生物脱氮创造条件，近年来，SBR法得到了较大的发展，操作方式也得很大的改进。     

Contaminants and their effects on estuarine and coastal organisms in the United Kingdom in the late twentieth century

The biological effects of contaminants in British estuaries and coastal waters have been studied for over 100 years. Until the 1970s. the major pollution impact on estuarine organisms was probably caused by poorly treated sewage which led to severe oxygen deficits and consequent asphyxiation of many water-breathers. However, since the introduction of improved sewage treatment in the last 30 years, a number of continuing impacts have come to light which represent true toxic effects of micro-contaminants. Sublethal changes observed in various bioassays and biomarkers are widespread in both fish and invertebrates, and in the most urbanised and industrialised estuaries, these effects are probably having impacts at the population and community levels. For example, there is good evidence to show that tributyltin from some antifouling paints has not only affected the sexuality and reproductive success of individual estuarine and coastal molluscs, but has also damaged some benthic communities of which molluscs are but a part. Although there are data to show that some contaminant concentrations are now declining, we do not yet have enough data in most cases to decide whether organisms have also begun to recover. This paper reviews the entire field of contaminant effects in UK estuarine and marine waters, focusing especially on the years 1985-2000, and makes some recommendations for future research and monitoring programmes.     

Potential environmental fate of elsinochrome A,a perylenequinone toxin produced in culture by bindweed biocontrol fungus Stagonospora convolvuli LA39

The photosensitizing perylenequinone toxin elsinochrome A (EA) is produced in culture by the bindweed biocontrol fungus Stagonospora convolvuli LA39 where it apparently plays a pathogenicity related role. We investigated the fate of EA with reference to its stability under different temperature and light conditions. EA remained stable when boiled in water at 100^∘C for 2 h. Similarly, exposing EA to 3–27^∘C in the dark for up to 16 weeks did not affect its stability either in dry or in aqueous form. However, results from irradiation experiments indicate that direct photolysis may be a significant degradation pathway for EA in the environment. EA either in dry form or dissolved in water was degraded by different irradiation wavelengths and intensities, with degradation plots fitting a first order rate kinetics. EA degraded faster if exposed in aqueous form, and at higher quantum flux density (μmol s⁻¹ m⁻²). Sunlight was more effective in degrading EA than artificial white light and ultraviolet radiations (UV-A or UV-B). Exposing EA to natural sunlight, particularly, during the intense sunshine (1,420– 1,640 μmol s⁻¹ m⁻²) days of 30 July to 5 August 2004 in Zurich caused the substance to degrade rapidly with half-life under such condition only 14 h. This implies that should EA gets into the environment, particularly on exposed environmental niches, such as on plant surfaces through biocontrol product spray, or released from shed diseased leaves, it may have no chance of accumulating to ‘level of concern’. Furthermore, a toxicity assay using Trichoderma atroviride P1 as biosensor showed that photo-degraded EA was not toxic, indicating that no stable toxic by-products were left.     

Ecological restoration as a strategy for conserving biological diversity

Though the restoration of disturbed ecosystems has so far played a relatively modest role in the effort to conserve biological diversity, there are reasons to suspect that its role will increase and that its contribution to the maintenance of diversity will ultimately prove crucial as techniques are further refined and as pristine areas for preservation become scarcer and more expensive.It is now possible to restore a number of North American communities with some confidence. However, it should be noted that many current efforts to return degraded lands to productive use, like attempts to reclaim land disturbed by mining, try only for rehabilitation to a socially acceptable condition and fall considerably short of actually restoring a native ecological community.Possible uses for restoration in the conservation of biodiversity include not only the creation of habitat on derelict sites, but also techniques for enlarging and redesigning existing reserves. Restoration may even make it possible to move reserves entirely in response to long-term events, such as changes in climate. Restoration in the form of reintroduction of single species to preexisting or restored habitat is also a critical link in programs to conserve species ex situ in the expectation of eventually returning them to the wild. And restoration provides opportunities to increase diversity through activities as diverse as management of utility corridors, transportation rights-of-way, and parks.     

生物滤池处理矿区生活污水的影响因素研究

针对我国北方矿区低温低浓度生活污水的特点,采用混凝沉淀与生物滤池相结合的工艺进行试验研究,结果表明:该工艺通过负压实现无泵自冲洗,具有处理效果好、占地小、滤层阻力小、能耗低等优点,系统出水可以达到生活杂用水水质标准,完全可进行资源化回用.     

炼厂催化裂化废水SBR脱氮工艺研究

采用ＳＢＲ工艺对炼厂渣油催化裂化废水的脱氮效果进行了研究，结果表明，一个运行周期内，连续进水好氧－缺氧交替的方式可使ＴＮ去除率达到９２％以上。好氧－缺氧交替次数以３￣４次为宜，时间比为１．４￣１．６。     

微生物降解三氟甲苯的研究

从含氟有机物污染的污泥中分离出5株优势菌株。对5株菌株进行生物忍耐力和生物降解试验。结果表明，这些菌株在驯化之后对有毒底物有较强的的忍受能力，在有毒底物浓度为1000mg／L时仍然能生长。在15d内，菌株Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4对三氟甲苯的降解率分别可达到100％、98．55％、97．02％、98．07％，初步探讨了三氟甲苯生物降解的路径。     

污水收集系统臭气的土壤生物过滤系统有效控制

城市废水管网系统中臭气的最常见的发生源主要有下水道总管道和泵站。生物脱臭中的土壤生物过滤法系统对于终端控制来说不仅效果明显，可以消除超过99％的臭气，而且，土壤生物过滤法的操作和维护费用低，对环境不造成冲击，具有可持续性。对土壤生物过滤法的结构、作用机理、效果、经济性和可持续性进行了阐述。     

污水中染料的生物毒性及其去除方法的研究

本文介绍了在实验室模拟条件下,利用蚕豆根尖的微核效应,分析了3种染料溶液及实际污水的生物毒性和它的去除方法。实验表明,这3种染料和实际污水都存在着生物毒性。在溶液 pH,温度,臭氧发生量一定条件下,3种染料溶液经臭氧氧化后,生物毒性去除率达56%以上,实际污水经臭氧处理后,生物毒性去除达31.09%。     

生物法治理燃煤电厂高pH值灰坝水

采用加丰、，接种驯化的微生物产酸和种养水生生物等技术降低燃煤电厂灰坝水的ｐＨ值。该技术经过一年多实际运行考察，说明处理后灰坝水的ｐＨ值，ＳＳ和ＣＯＤｃｒ等指标均符合ＧＢ８９７８－９６《污水综合排放标准》的要求，并且可用于养殖和农灌。