南方丘陵坡地茶园水土流失的环境效应

以安溪县感德镇坡耕地茶园为监控对象,小流域集水区为单元,分析茶园水土流失造成的环境问题。结果表明：在降雨的作用下,各养分元素存在不同程度的流失,小流域集水区水质偏酸性,71.2%的水质pH小于6;氨氮含量都在Ⅰ类标准,但总氮含量较高,均超出V类标准限值;悬浮物和降雨量存在正相关,相关系数为0.647,大到暴雨对悬浮物含量具有决定性作用,但悬浮物含量对降雨的响应具有滞后性。     

基于环境监测数据的APEC会议空气质量保障环境改善效果评估

在简要回顾APEC期间的空气质量情况的基础上,从多方面较系统的分析了APEC期间北京市空气质量的变化特征,包括各项污染物浓度水平的同比分析、不同区域不同类别站点小时浓度的百分数分布及变化情况分析、污染物日变化规律变化特征分析、空气质量改善效果的空间分布特征分析、颗粒物组分变化特征分析、污染来源解析模型、数值污染模型等方法,力求从多个方面深入了解APEC控制措施对北京市污染水平、污染特征造成的影响,并利用组分、模型等方法定性定量的评估主要空气质量影响因素、不同的污染控制措施对APEC期间空气质量改善的作用及贡献。结果表明,APEC期间,北京市空气质量得到明显改善,空气质量基本处于优良级别,各项污染物浓度大幅下降,APEC污染控制期各项污染物的百分位数浓度与无控制期出现明显分离特征,污染物的日变化低浓度持续时间更长且增长更缓慢。     

Trends of organochlorine pesticides in drinking water supplies

The effectiveness of the treatment process for the removal of pesticides in the final water supplies in Delhi has been evaluated. Samples were collected during 2000–2005 from five water treatment plants (WTPs). Analysis was carried out to identify pesticides, which are more commonly encountered in treated drinking water. In most of the treatment plants, the concentrations of lindane, total endosulphan and total DDT were significantly less in the finished water. Monitoring of these less soluble pesticide in the finished water from WTPs was done quarterly to arrive at the quality trends and to plan for the mitigation action, in case the concentration of the parameter exceeded at any site or time.     

生物转盘在污水生物处理中的研究进展

生物转盘是污水处理的一种有效手段.从生物转盘的基本特性和处理原理出发,对不同的生物转盘类型进行了比较,讨论了生物转盘的应用进展、在实际应用中的影响因素等问题,并在此基础上对生物转盘的改进措施及研究前景进行了展望.     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液生物处理尾水的性质研究

采用多种先进测试分析仪器对不同月份的垃圾填埋场渗滤液生物处理尾水(简称渗滤液尾水)进行了全面的分析.结果表明,经生物处理后的渗滤液尾水难以进一步生物降解,仍然有很强的污染性,COD和NH3-N仍分别高达419～622、12.4～174.0 mg/L,未达到国家排放标准,且仍含有多种环境优先控制污染物.除有机物外,渗滤液尾水中还有部分无机类物质贡献COD,TN主要由无机氮构成.渗滤液生物处理的效果与温度关系密切,6、9月的处理效果明显好于3、12月.     

1,4-二氯苯对蛋白核小球藻的毒性效应

研究不同质量浓度的1,4-二氯苯(1,4-DCB)对蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)的生长状况、蛋白质含量、叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性(SOD酶活性)和脂质过氧化丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响,检测1,4-DCB对海洋微藻的毒性效应及其毒性机理.结果表明:1,4-DCB对蛋白核小球藻的生长有一定的抑制作用,该效应表现出一定的浓度和时间依赖性;1,4-DCB处理4 d后,蛋白核小球藻细胞蛋白质含量和叶绿素含量下降,SOD酶活性降低,MDA含量升高,这表明1,4-DCB通过产生活性氧自由基引起脂质及其他生物大分子的氧化损伤可能是1,4-DCB对蛋白核小球藻产生毒害效应的主要机制,受有机物污染后藻类作为饵料的价值降低.      

曝气生物滤池处理医院污水的实验应用研究

采用曝气生物滤池与二氧化氯相结合的工艺处理医院污水。主要对曝气生物滤池去除COD、氨氮的效果进行了研究,并且在实际应用中证明了用这种相结合的处理方法具有一次投资小、运行费用低、年经济效益高等优点,有良好的技术经济性。     

电凝聚臭氧化耦合工艺的有机物处理特性及去除机制解析

以污水厂二级出水溶解性有机物强效去除为目的,本研究构建了电凝聚臭氧化耦合(E-HOC)体系,明确了该体系对污水厂二级出水及布洛芬的处理特性,探明了有机物的强化去除机制.结果表明,在pH5条件下,E-HOC工艺对二级出水溶解性有机物的去除效果更优,相较于臭氧氧化、电絮凝工艺、预臭氧化-电絮凝工艺、电絮凝串联臭氧工艺以及化...     

Fish Responses to Experimental Fragmentation of Seagrass Habitat

Abstract: Understanding the consequences of habitat fragmentation has come mostly from comparisons of patchy and continuous habitats. Because fragmentation is a process, it is most accurately studied by actively fragmenting large patches into multiple smaller patches. We fragmented artificial seagrass habitats and evaluated the impacts of fragmentation on fish abundance and species richness over time (1 day, 1 week, 1 month). Fish assemblages were compared among 4 treatments: control (single, continuous 9‐m² patches); fragmented (single, continuous 9‐m² patches fragmented to 4 discrete 1‐m² patches); prefragmented/patchy (4 discrete 1‐m² patches with the same arrangement as fragmented); and disturbance control (fragmented then immediately restored to continuous 9‐m² patches). Patchy seagrass had lower species richness than actively fragmented seagrass (up to 39% fewer species after 1 week), but species richness in fragmented treatments was similar to controls. Total fish abundance did not vary among treatments and therefore was unaffected by fragmentation, patchiness, or disturbance caused during fragmentation. Patterns in species richness and abundance were consistent 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after fragmentation. The expected decrease in fish abundance from reduced total seagrass area in fragmented and patchy seagrass appeared to be offset by greater fish density per unit area of seagrass. If fish prefer to live at edges, then the effects of seagrass habitat loss on fish abundance may have been offset by the increase (25%) in seagrass perimeter in fragmented and patchy treatments. Possibly there is some threshold of seagrass patch connectivity below which fish abundances cannot be maintained. The immediate responses of fish to experimental habitat fragmentation provided insights beyond those possible from comparisons of continuous and historically patchy habitat.