轧钢污泥综合利用的技术研究

阐述了一种轧钢污泥的回收处理技术,该技术可把轧钢污泥有效地分离成氧化铁粉和混合油,实现综合利用,减少铁素资源浪费,有良好的经济效益和环境效益.     

EGSB反应器处理含氯苯有机废水的试验研究

在间歇条件下,针对未接触和接触过氯苯的颗粒污泥,研究了氯苯对它们产甲烷活性的抑制及恢复;在动态条件下,研究了EGSB反应器处理含氯苯有机废水的情况.结果表明,不同浓度的氯苯均会对未接触氯苯的颗粒污泥的活性产生抑制;而接触过氯苯的颗粒污泥具有一定适应能力,只有氯苯浓度为100mg/L时才有较明显抑制.在动态运行过程中,进水氯苯浓度为10～50mg/L,前65天出水氯苯浓度均低于7mg/L,66d后出水氯苯浓度突增至25mg/L以上,停止投加氯苯后,出水氯苯浓度在3.4～38.32mg/L之间无规律波动,说明反应器内颗粒污泥对氯苯有较强吸附,生物降解作用不明显.     

磁性载体生物膜反应器处理生活污水的试验研究

选取天然多孔矿物-浮石、网络状塑料外壳、磁铁为材料,开发出一种新型磁性载体,并将该载体应用于生物膜反应器中进行废水处理试验,结果表明:该磁性载体生物膜反应器在载体的挂膜性能及主要污染物去除功能上均优于非磁性载体生物膜反应器.磁性载体可在5d内完成挂膜,而非磁性载体则需8d,磁性载体生物膜反应器对COD、NH+ 4-N的去除率比非载体生物膜反应器分别高出5%和20%左右.在载体中心磁场强度为200Gs,水中溶解氧DO为2.0~3.5mg/L,水力停留时间HRT为5h的条件下,校园生活污水经磁性载体生物膜反应器处理后,出水中COD稳定在20mg/L左右, NH4+-N在5mg/L以下,两者的去除率均在90%左右,出水总氮为15mg/L,去除率在50%以上.实验结果还表明:连续运行60d后,磁性载体反应器内的生物膜量和悬浮污泥量仅为非磁性载体反应器的70%,说明磁场的存在有利于污泥减量化.磁载体生物膜反应器中载体外表面附着污泥及生物膜的SOUR值均大于非磁载体生物膜反应器,表明一定的磁场强度可以提高微生物活性.     

Continuous biohydrogen production from diluted molasses in an anaerobic contact reactor

An anaerobic contact reactor (ACR) system comprising a continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with settler to decouple the hydraulic retention time (HRT) from solids retention time (SRT) was developed for fermentative hydrogen production from diluted molasses by mixed microbial cultures. The ACR was operated at various volumetric loading rates (VLRs) of 20–44 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1 with constant HRT of 6 h under mesophilic conditions of 35°C. The SRT was maintained at about 46–50 h in the system. At the initial VLR of 20 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1, the hydrogen production rate dropped from 22.6 to 1.58 L·d^-1 as the hydrogen was consumed by the hydrogentrophic methanogen. After increasing the VLR to 28 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1 and discharging the sludge for 6 consecutive times, the hydrogentrophic methanogens were eliminated, and the hydrogen content reached 36.4%. As the VLR was increased to 44 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1, the hydrogen production rate and hydrogen yield increased to 42.1 L·d^-1 and 1.40 mol H₂·molglucose-consumed^-1, respectively. The results showed that a stable ethanol-type fermentation that favored hydrogen production in the reactor was thus established with the sludge loading rate (SLR) of 2.0–2.5 kgCOD·kgMLVSS^-1·d^-1. It was found that the ethanol increased more than other liquid fermentation products, and the ethanol/acetic acid (mol/mol) ratio increased from 1.27 to 2.45 when the VLR increased from 28 to 44 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1, whereas the hydrogen composition decreased from 40.4% to 36.4%. The results suggested that the anaerobic contact reactor was a promising bioprocess for fermentative hydrogen production.     

Co-fermentation of waste activated sludge with food waste for short-chain fatty acids production: effect of pH at ambient temperature

Effect of pH ranging from 4.0 to 11.0 on co-fermentation of waste activated sludge (WAS) with food waste for short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production at ambient temperature was investigated in this study. Experimental results showed that the addition of food waste significantly improved the performance of WAS fermentation system, which resulted in the increases of SCFAs production and substrate reduction. The SCFAs production at pH 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, and 9.0 and fermentation time of 4 d was respectively 5022.7, 6540.5, 8236.6, and 7911.7 mg COD·L^-1, whereas in the blank tests (no pH adjustment, pH 8.0 (blank test 1), no food waste addition, pH 8.0 (blank test 2), and no WAS addition (blank test 3)) it was only 1006.9, 971.1, and 1468.5 mg COD·L^-1, respectively. The composition of SCFAs at pH from 6.0 to 9.0 was also different from other conditions and propionic acid was the most prevalent SCFA, which was followed by acetic and n-butyric acids, while acetic acid was the top product under other conditions. At pH 8.0 a higher volatile suspended solids (VSS) reduction of 16.6% for the mixture of WAS and food waste than the sole WAS indicated a synergistic effect existing in fermentation system with WAS and food waste. The influence of pH on the variations of nutrient content was also studied during anaerobic fermentation of the mixture of WAS and food waste at different pH conditions. The release of NH4+-N increased with fermentation time at all pH values investigated except 4.0, 5.0 and in blank test one. The concentrations of soluble phosphorus at acidic pHs and in the blank test one were higher than those obtained at alkaline pHs. Ammonia and phosphorus need to be removed before the SCFAs-enriched fermentation liquid from WAS and food waste was used as the carbon source.     

The correlation of total and extractable heavy metals from soil and domestic sewage sludge and their transfer to maize ( Zea mays L.) plants

A study to understand the mobility and transport of heavy metals (HMs) from soil and soil amended with sewage sludge to maize plants was carried out. The total and ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid (EDTA)-extractable HMs in agricultural soil and untreated domestic sewage sludge samples, and the correlation between the total and extractable metals in soil and sewage sludge were carried out. Pot experiments were performed to study the transfer of HMs to maize grains, grown in soil (control) and in soil amended with sewage sludge (test samples). The total and extractable HMs in soil, sewage sludge, and maize grains were analysed by FAAS/ETAAS (flame atomic absorption spectrometer/electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer) after digestion in microwave oven. Statistically significant correlations were obtained between the total contents of Cu, Cd, As and their respective extractable fractions in soil, while in domestic wastewater sludge (DWS) the better correlation was observed only for Ni and Cd. The edible part of maize plants (grains) from test samples presented high concentration of Zn, Pb, Ni, Cd, Cu, As, and Cr concentrations (80.7–85.6, 3.8–3.95, 2.35–2.5, 0.75–0.82, 3.21–3.29, 0.23–0.27, and 0.22–0.29?mg?kg^?1, respectively). Good correlations were found between metals in exchangeable fractions of both soil and DWS and total metals in control and test samples of maize grains. The transfer factor of all HMs from DWS to maize grains was also determined.     

浸没式膜生物反应器中生物质的增殖及其对运行效能的影响

研究了浸没式膜生物反应器(sMBR)中生物质的增殖过程及其对反应器运行效能的影响.采用可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)对sMBR实现过程控制,在不排泥的情况下运行20~40d,生物质浓度达到9670mg/L,出水的各项指标达到最佳,但随着生物质的继续增殖,污泥表观黏度急剧增加,引起F/M的降低和传质困难,最终导致污泥活性降低及出水效果恶化.表观黏度与MLSS、EPS的增长趋势一致,表明这2个因素与活性污泥的表观黏度有着密切关系.采用SEM/EDS方法对不同阶段膜表面进行了观察及表面元素分析,结果表明膜表层污染物中有机物占主要部分,无机成分所占比例较小.     

印染污泥焚烧烟气污染控制案例分析

以广东省某两家印染厂的印染污泥焚烧项目为主要研究对象,从污泥处理技术路线、焚烧设备及烟气处理流程等各方面入手,对各厂印染污泥与煤混烧烟气中颗粒物、NOx、SO2、酸性气体(HF、HCl)和重金属等污染物的进行采样分析,并对各厂现有烟气污染物控制设施的运行效果进行调研,结果表明,布袋除尘的效果较为理想,除尘效率可达99%以上;使用印染废水作为吸收液的湿法脱硫技术对SO2及酸性气体的去除效果不理想;SNCR对NOx具有一定的去除效果,是一种较为经济、高效的脱硝技术;焚烧后,大部分重金属最终以飞灰的形式被除尘器去除,但仍有部分重金属如Hg在出口烟气中的浓度仍然很高,需要采取必要的措施控制烟气中的重金属. 此外,基于印染污泥焚烧实例分析,提出适于印染污泥与煤混烧烟气处理工艺流程.     

低DO微孔曝气变速氧化沟脱氮能力恢复效果分析

活性污泥法低温运行中的污泥膨胀主要是由丝状菌引起,微丝菌(M.Parvicella)则是污泥膨胀中的优势丝状菌.针对微孔曝气变速氧化沟中试系统中因低温引起的污泥严重膨胀及其污泥硝化能力降低的问题,采取增大曝气量快速培养污泥硝化菌含量,再逐渐增加A:O比为0,0.1,0.5,1.1,1.8提高反硝化能力,从而恢复污泥脱氮能力.在恢复期间,污泥絮体中的疏水性M.Parvicella附着于反硝化产生气体上,在选择池和氧化沟表面形成浮泥,对其进行去除,以减少絮体中丝状菌含量,提高硝化菌含量及其硝化能力.同时对不同微丝菌含量的污泥絮体(沟内混合液和表面浮泥)的硝化和反硝化速率进行测定,结果表明微丝菌含量高的活性污泥其硝化能力较弱,而快速反硝化能力较强,则对慢速和内源反硝化影响不大.进一步证明M.Parvicella也是除了DO浓度,水温和负荷之外影响活性污泥硝化能力和污泥沉降性能的重要因素之一.     

市政污泥脱水性能实验研究与形态学分析

本研究将运用微波技术与离心脱水相结合的方法来达到促进污泥中结合水释放及改善脱水特性的目的.通过测定毛细吸水时间、黏度、含水率,采集污泥图像、提取形态学特征进行污泥脱水改性的效果分析及分形维数的分析.离心脱水实验结果表明,适当增加离心转速和温度时,污泥的含水率降低;正交实验结果表明微波功率1000W、微波温度50℃、离心转速2000r/min、离心时间15min的条件下含水率最低达到83.75%,且适当的微波预处理条件有利于污泥的脱水;微波预处理后污泥分形维数在2.4~2.8之间,污泥结构改变.对污泥脱水性能的表征参数与污泥含水率进行拟合,建立污泥脱水性能的模型,为预测和改善污泥脱水性能提供基础性研究.