味精废水厌氧处理稳态运行的控制研究

就目前较难处理的高浓度味精废水用厌氧法进行了稳态运行的控制研究。在中温条件下,获得了高浓度味精废水高效稳态运行的控制参数。COD去除率可达70％以上,产气量可达10.5m~3/m~3·d,其中甲烷含量占58％以上。表明高浓度(谷氨酸)味精废水进行厌氧处理是可行的。     

工业废水催化湿式氧化处理的研究

采用系列贵金属-半导体氧化物催化剂,在高压釜中250℃液相条件下对焦化厂等工业废水以及由氨、吡啶等组成的模拟废水进行液相氧化试验。结果发现几种催化剂对不同污染物有不同序列的催化氧化活性,其净化作用有各自的选择性。WT-501催化剂对氨和有机污染物均有高活性,焦化废水经WT-501催化氧化处理后’COD、NH_3分別从9302mg/L和5230mg/L降至619mg/L和47mg/L,去除率高达93.2％和99％。     

活性污泥法处理焦化污水监测值的统计特性

用活性污泥法处理焦化污水,将一年内监测的曝气池山水和入水中酚、氰、氨氮、COD等指标建立数据库,并进行时间序列、正态分布性、自相关和线性回归分析.统计分析结果表明,多数指标呈正态分布而周期性特征不明显;经多元线性回归分析,出水COD与入水COD、出水酚之间的关系较为密切.     

武汉东湖湖水的藻类生长潜力(AGP)测试

在东湖湖水样品中添加排入东湖的主要污水或营养物(氮和磷)进行藻类测试,观察它们对斜生橱藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)的生长促进作用.生长反应与添加的污水浓度成正比,其SC_(20)(促进20％增长的浓度)为0.5—4％.单独添加氮或磷,在高浓度情况下也很少促进藻类生长,但共同添加时大多有促进作用.东湖为一严重富营养型湖泊,为了控制其富营养化进程,污水截流应是首先要采取的一项措施.     

Effects of the organic matter from swine wastewater on the adsorption and desorption of alachlor in soil

The application of swine wastewater to the soil for agricultural purposes results in the addition of total and dissolved organic matter to the soil, which may interfere with the dynamics of pesticides in the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the application of total and dissolved organic matter from a biodigester and a treatment lagoon of swine wastewater in the adsorption and desorption of alachlor [2-chloro-2,6-diethyl-N(methoxymethyl acetamide)]. The assay was performed by the batch equilibrium method, and the results were fitted to the Freundlich model. The curve comparison test revealed a greater adsorption of alachlor in the soil treated with swine wastewater from the biodigester. The adsorption and desorption of alachlor increased in the soils where swine wastewater was added, and hysteresis was observed in all of the treatments.     

QSPR prediction of chromatographic retention times of pesticides: Partition and fractal indices

The high‐performance liquid‐chromatographic retentions of red‐wine pesticide residues are modeled by structure–property relationships. The effect of different types of features is analyzed: geometric, lipophilic, etc. The properties are fractal dimensions, partition coefficient, etc., in linear and nonlinear correlation models. Biological plastic evolution is an evolutionary perspective conjugating the effect of acquired characters and relations that emerge among the principles of evolutionary indeterminacy, morphological determination and natural selection. It is applied to design the co‐ordination index that is used to characterize pesticide retentions. The parameters used to calculate the co‐ordination index are the molar formation enthalpy, molecular weight and surface area. The morphological and co‐ordination indices barely improve the correlations. The fractal dimension averaged for non?buried atoms, partition coefficient, etc. distinguishes the pesticide molecular structures. The structural and constituent classification is based on nonplanarity, and the number of cycles, and O, S, N and Cl atoms. Different behavior depends on the number of cycles.     

Phosphate Recovery from Greenhouse Wastewater

A study was conducted to investigate the suitability of phosphate recovery from greenhouse wastewaters by using precipitation/crystallization process. More than 90% of the phosphate could be removed from the greenhouse wastewater. Various calcium phosphate salts were obtained in the process; hydroxyapatite [Ca₅(PO₄)₃OH] could be the main product from the precipitates. Phosphate removal was affected by the presence of magnesium ion in wastewaters. An increase of magnesium concentrations in wastewaters decreased phosphate removal rates. The chemical contents of precipitates in terms of calcium, magnesium and phosphate were affected by calcium to magnesium molar ratio. Higher calcium contents were obtained at wastewaters with high calcium to magnesium molar ratio. An addition of magnesium did not affect the potassium contents in the precipitates. K‐struvite, MgKPO₄·6H₂O, was not the major product in the precipitate, even with addition of a large quantity of magnesium.     

The Effects of Magnesium and Ammonium Additions on Phosphate Recovery from Greenhouse Wastewater

Phosphorus recovery from greenhouse wastewater, using precipitation-crystallization, was conducted under three levels of calcium concentration, 304 mg/L (7.6 mmol/L), 384 mg/L (9.6 mmol/L), and 480 mg/L (12 mmol/L), and also with additions of ammonium and magnesium into the wastewater. Jar test results confirmed high phosphate removal, with more than 90% of the removal achieved with a pH as low as 7.7. Under the low calcium concentration, ammonium addition affected the chemical reactions at pH lower than 8.0, where struvite was produced; when the pH was raised to 8.8, other calcium compounds dominated the precipitation. Under the medium calcium concentration, ammonium and magnesium addition helped struvite precipitation in the low pH range. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) was the main product. Under the high calcium concentration, ammonium addition showed no effects on the precipitation.     

Conservation Biology, Genetically Modified Organisms, and the Biosafety Protocol

Abstract:  Concerns have been raised regarding the potential adverse effects on biological diversity of the use of living modified organisms (LMOs, which are commonly known by similar terms such as genetically modified organisms). At the international level these concerns are addressed in part by an agreement known as the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety and include potential toxic effects of insect-resistant crops on nontarget organisms and potential ecological effects of gene flow from modified crops, fish, microorganisms, or insects to wild species or counterparts. We reviewed the protocol's main provisions, including those dealing with risk assessment and risk management, decision making on imports, documentation accompanying shipments, and liability resulting from damages caused by LMOs. A medium-term program of work has been adopted by the parties, which includes the potential contribution of conservation biologists to delivering capacity building, developing risk assessment guidance, evaluating mechanisms of potential ecological damages from LMOs, and other issues. Conservation biologists and other experts have opportunities to influence the negotiations and implementation of the protocol by providing inputs at meetings, offering expertise to governments and organizations, and participating in or developing relevant projects and initiatives. Involvement of conservation biologists in the implementation and further development of the protocol would contribute to its effectiveness.     

二氧化氯催化氧化处理直接大红染料

研究了ClO2化学氧化体系和ClO2催化氧化体系。实验结果表明:单用ClO2化学氧化处理COD为3 400mg/L的直接大红染料配制废水时,最佳反应pH值为1,氧化剂ClO2经济用量为400 mg/L废水,反应时间为10 min,COD去除率可达85.9%,氧化指数(COD削减量∶ClO2投加量)=7。当ClO2与自制催化剂所组成的催化氧化体系用于对直接大红染料配制废水的处理时,最佳反应pH值为2左右,氧化剂ClO2经济用量为600 mg/L废水,反应时间为6 min,COD去除率可达96.6%,氧化指数=6。结果表明,ClO2催化氧化法是一种新型高效的处理难降解废水的技术,有着广阔的应用前景。