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排序方式: 共有114条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
A multi-process phytoremediation system for removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from contaminated soils 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Huang XD El-Alawi Y Penrose DM Glick BR Greenberg BM 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2004,130(3):465-476
To improve phytoremediation processes, multiple techniques that comprise different aspects of contaminant removal from soils have been combined. Using creosote as a test contaminant, a multi-process phytoremediation system composed of physical (volatilization), photochemical (photooxidation) and microbial remediation, and phytoremediation (plant-assisted remediation) processes was developed. The techniques applied to realize these processes were land-farming (aeration and light exposure), introduction of contaminant degrading bacteria, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), and plant growth of contaminant-tolerant tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). Over a 4-month period, the average efficiency of removal of 16 priority PAHs by the multi-process remediation system was twice that of land-farming, 50% more than bioremediation alone, and 45% more than phytoremediation by itself. Importantly, the multi-process system was capable of removing most of the highly hydrophobic, soil-bound PAHs from soil. The key elements for successful phytoremediation were the use of plant species that have the ability to proliferate in the presence of high levels of contaminants and strains of PGPR that increase plant tolerance to contaminants and accelerate plant growth in heavily contaminated soils. The synergistic use of these approaches resulted in rapid and massive biomass accumulation of plant tissue in contaminated soil, putatively providing more active metabolic processes, leading to more rapid and more complete removal of PAHs. 相似文献
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In situ methods are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of chemical amendments at enhancing reductive dechlorination rates in groundwater that is contaminated with the priority pollutant, trichloroethene (TCE). In this communication, a method that utilizes single-well, “push–pull” tests to quantify the effects of chemical amendments on in situ reductive dechlorination rates is presented and demonstrated. Five push–pull tests were conducted in each of five monitoring wells located in a TCE-contaminated aquifer at the site of a former chemical manufacturing facility. Rates for the reductive dechlorination of the fluorinated TCE-surrogate, trichlorofluoroethene (TCFE), were measured before (test 1) and after (test 5) three successive additions (tests 2–4) of fumarate. Fumarate was selected to stimulate the growth and activity of indigenous microorganisms with the metabolic capability to reduce TCFE and TCE. In three wells, first-order rate constants for the reductive dechlorination of TCFE increased by 8.2–92 times following fumarate additions. In two wells, reductive dechlorination of TCFE was observed after fumarate additions but not before. The transformation behavior of fumarate was also monitored following each fumarate addition. Correlations between the reductive dechlorination of TCFE and the reduction of fumarate to succinate were observed, indicating that these reactions were supported by similar biogeochemical conditions at this site. 相似文献
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石油污染土壤生物修复 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
概述了石油降解微生物的种群组成,介绍了几种主要的石油污染土壤的生物修复技术以及这一领域的研究现状,讨论了应用前景。 相似文献
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土壤石油生物降解影响因子正交实验分析 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
石油污染物进入土壤之后,多种因素同时制约着污染物的生物降解,为了定量化各因素对彼此的影响,探求促进正向作用,抑制负向作用的途径,为各因素制定适宜的施用时间顺序以及施用量,以最大限度地加快降解速度,笔者设计了本文中的复合生物降解实验,结果表明,使用多因素复合处理方法可以在土壤石油处理中收到很好的效果,在土壤石油含量为64g/kg水平下,三周内的降解率可以高达48%,在实验初期,表面活性剂和氧化剂的投加是影响降解速率的重要因素,它们的最优水平均为各受试水平中的最大值,到了实验的中后期,污染强度上升为降解的首要影响因子,并且在受试样品范围内,污染度越大降解率越高。 相似文献
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Joerg Schaller Martin Mkandawire E. Gert Dudel 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(7):2454-2458
Organic sediments are a main sink for metal pollutants in aquatic systems. However, factors that make sediments a sink of metals and metalloids are still not clear. Consequently, we investigate the role of invertebrate shredders (Gammarus pulex L.) on quality of metal and arsenic fixation into organic partitions of sediment in the course of litter decay with laboratory microcosm experiments. During the decomposition of leaf litter, G. pulex significantly facilitated the development of small particles of organic matter. The capacity of metal fixation was significantly higher in smaller particles than leaf litter and litter residuals. Thus, G. pulex enhanced metal fixation into the organic partition of sediments by virtue of increasing the amount smaller particles in the aquatic system. Furthermore, invertebrates have a significant effect on formation of dissolved organic matter and remobilization of cobalt, molybdenum and cesium, but no significant effect on remobilization of all other measured elements. 相似文献
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Frédéric Coulon William Cowie Simon Pollard Graeme Risdon Kirk T. Semple Graeme I. Paton 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(10):3032-3040
A six month field scale study was carried out to compare windrow turning and biopile techniques for the remediation of soil contaminated with bunker C fuel oil. End-point clean-up targets were defined by human risk assessment and ecotoxicological hazard assessment approaches. Replicate windrows and biopiles were amended with either nutrients and inocula, nutrients alone or no amendment. In addition to fractionated hydrocarbon analysis, culturable microbial characterisation and soil ecotoxicological assays were performed. This particular soil, heavy in texture and historically contaminated with bunker fuel was more effectively remediated by windrowing, but coarser textures may be more amendable to biopiling. This trial reveals the benefit of developing risk and hazard based approaches in defining end-point bioremediation of heavy hydrocarbons when engineered biopile or windrow are proposed as treatment option. 相似文献
30.
Paulo R. Dores-Silva Jussara A. O. Cotta Maria D. Landgraf 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(7):598-604
AbstractPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the environmental pollutants that have very high carcinogenic and mutagenic activity. Among hundreds of different PAHs, 17 are considered priority pollutants and routinely monitored for regulatory purposes. Extended periods of exposure and expensive clean-up costs are typically associated with the vast majority of processes used for the remediation of areas contaminated with PAHs. The results of this study indicate that bioremediation via vermicomposting could be an effective method for remedying soils contaminated with toxic organic compounds, such as PAHs. This study was conducted over 90?days in the presence of various quantities of organic matter (cattle manure) to recover soils contaminated with PAHs. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to identify PAHs. An evaluation of the toxicity of the final material and the transformation of the organic matter throughout the process was also conducted. The data presented here suggest a relationship between the molar mass of the PAHs and the ability of the vermicomposting process to promote biodegradation. These results suggest that vermicomposting has great potential to be utilized as a tool for the bioremediation of soils impacted by PAHs. 相似文献