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排序方式: 共有210条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
71.
Jianwei Zhang Marcus Schaub Jonathan A. Ferdinand Kim C. Steiner 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(8):2627-2634
We investigated the effect of leaf age on the response of net photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gwv), foliar injury, and leaf nitrogen concentration (NL) to tropospheric ozone (O3) on Prunus serotina seedlings grown in open-plots (AA) and open-top chambers, supplied with either carbon-filtered or non-filtered air. We found significant variation in A, gwv, foliar injury, and NL (P < 0.05) among O3 treatments. Seedlings in AA showed the highest A and gwv due to relatively low vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Older leaves showed significantly lower A, gwv, NL, and higher foliar injury (P < 0.001) than younger leaves. Leaf age affected the response of A, gwv, and foliar injury to O3. Both VPD and NL had a strong influence on leaf gas exchange. Foliar O3-induced injury appeared when cumulative O3 uptake reached 8-12 mmol m−2, depending on soil water availability. The mechanistic assessment of O3-induced injury is a valuable approach for a biologically relevant O3 risk assessment for forest trees. 相似文献
72.
Identification of carbonaceous geosorbents for PAHs by organic petrography in river floodplain soils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Organic petrographic analysis was applied to provide direct information on carbonaceous geosorbents for PAHs in river floodplain soils. The anthropogenic OM group (primarily coal and coal-derived particles) displayed large volume amounts for all the soil samples. Distinct PAH concentrations with similar PAH distribution patterns were determined in grain size and density fractions for each sample. Two-ring PAHs had stronger correlation to organic carbon (OC) than black carbon (BC) contents, while heavier PAHs showed correlation to BC, rather than OC. In this study, we combined grain size and density separation, PAH determinations, TOC and BC measurements, and organic petrographic identification, and concluded that two-ring PAHs in soils were associated to coal particles. Other heavier PAHs could be more controlled by black carbon (BC), which were mostly coal-derived particles from former coal mining and coal industrial activity. 相似文献
73.
Occurrence of coal and coal-derived particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a river floodplain soil 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Yang Y Ligouis B Pies C Grathwohl P Hofmann T 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,151(1):121-129
A PAH contaminated river floodplain soil was separated according to grain size and density. Coal and coal-derived particles from coal mining, coal industry and coal transportation activities were identified by organic petrographic analysis in our samples. Distinct concentrations of PAHs were found in different grain size and density fractions, however, similar distribution patterns of PAHs indicated similar sources. In addition, although light fractions had the mass fraction by weight of less than 5%, they contributed almost 75% of the total PAHs in the soil. PAH concentrations of all sub fractions showed positive correlation with their TOC contents. Altogether, coal and coal-derived particles that were abundant in light fractions could be the dominant geosorbents for PAHs in our samples. 相似文献
74.
粉煤灰黑液胶凝材料的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究了改性黑液作粉煤灰的激发剂,并与石灰、磷石膏一起制成一种新型的胶凝材料,讨论了粉煤灰、石灰、磷石膏及黑液的用量对胶凝材料性能的影响,并通过正交试验与模糊数学分析求出了最佳工艺参数。试验结果表明,该种新材料的抗压强度能达≥20MPa,耐水性良好,且工艺简单、成本低。 相似文献
75.
Chandrajith R Abeypala U Dissanayake CB Tobschall HJ 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2007,29(5):429-434
The purpose of this study was to assess the fluoride content of Ceylon Tea, which is a popular beverage throughout the world.
The fluoride content of tea infusions prepared from different grades of tea leaves collected from different parts of the tea-growing
regions (25 samples) of Sri Lanka was measured using a fluoride-selective electrode. Fluoride leaching was found to vary from
0.32 to 1.69 mg F/l, but there were no significant differences in terms of fluoride leaching between tea from different tea-growing
regions or between tea of different grades. Dental fluorosis is widespread throughout the dry zone of Sri Lanka, and drinking
water has traditionally been considered to be the main contributory factor to the development of fluorosis. However, diet,
the consumption of tea in particular, may also contribute to the manifestation of dental diseases. 相似文献
76.
The black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have been successfully applied to treat various organic wastes. However, the impacts of heavy metals on antibiotic resistance in the BSFL guts are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of copper (exposure concentrations of 0, 100 and 800 mg/kg) on the antibiotic and metal resistance profiles in BSFL guts. A total of 83 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), 18 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and 6 metal resistance genes (MRGs) were observed in larval gut samples. Exposure to Cu remarkably reduced the diversity of ARGs and MGEs, but significantly enhanced the abundances of gut-associated ARGs and MRGs. The levels of MRGs copA, czcA and pbrT were dramatically strengthened after Cu exposure as compared with CK (increased by 2.8–13.5 times). Genera Enterococcus acted as the most predominant potential host of multiple ARG, MGE and MRG subtypes. Meanwhile, high exposure to Cu aggravated the enrichment of potential pathogens in BSFL guts, especially for Escherichia, Enterococcus and Salmonella species. The mantel test and procrustes analysis revealed that the gut microbial communities could be a key determinant for antibiotic and metal resistance. However, no significant positive links were observed between MGEs and ARGs or MRGs, possibly suggesting that MGEs did not play a crucial role in shaping the ARGs or MRGs in BSFL guts under the stress of Cu. These findings extend our understanding on the impact of heavy metals on the gut-associated antibiotic and metal resistome of BSFL. 相似文献
77.
The objective of the study is to compare different development scenarios of a black water source-separation sanitation system (BWS) that could be environmentally and economically more viable than a conventional system (CONV). Scenarios performance is evaluated using life cycle assessment and environmental life cycle costing. System boundaries include the processes related to the collection and treatment of wastewater and organic kitchen refuse collection and the recycling of by-product (digestate/sludge and biogas) produced in the treatment step. The BWS scenario that entails a vacuum toilet flow-volume reduction to 0.5 L/flush results in significantly higher performances than the ones of CONV for the climate change and resources indicators, while involving a significantly lower performance with regards to human health and a comparable cost. The BWS scenario based on digestate mass reduction with reverse osmosis and acidification prior to its transport to farmland achieves comparable performances to the ones of CONV for all indicators. The BWS scenario with digestate treatment by means of phosphorus precipitation (struvite) and nitritation–anammox reactors gives performances that are comparable to the ones of CONV for all indicators, with the exception of climate change, for which this scenario has a significantly lower performance if the electricity is produced by hydropower. When single-pathway scenarios are combined, the multi-pathway scenarios thus created can produce results that are significantly superior to the CONV result for the climate change, resources and human health indicators although the cost remains comparable. 相似文献
78.
考察两组微氧水解强化复合型人工湿地(MA-HCW)组合的中试反应器,对城市黑臭水体的净化处理效果。两组反应器分别种植风车草和菖蒲两种植物,运行的水力负荷为0.2 m~3/(m~2·d)。结果表明,种植风车草的人工湿地系统(A系统)的总体净化效果略优于种植菖蒲的人工湿地系统(C系统)。A系统的COD、BOD5、TN、NH_4~+-N、TP、TSS平均去除率分别为69.65%、75.2%、58.33%、38.46%、59.8%、82.1%。研究表明,微氧水解功能段有效降低了进水中TSS的浓度,起到预防湿地系统堵塞的作用。数据分析显示COD、NH _4~+-N和TN的去除率与溶解氧和温度有相关性。 相似文献
79.
80.