库区滨水城镇设计的生态学方法分析

三峡工程建设引起库区自然水环境的变化,使得在175m以下及临近该水位的个别城镇面临搬迁重建。库区城镇的原有特色是千百年来人类活动与自然环境相适应所形成的,具有三峡库区自身的特点。以生态学的理论为指导,结合现代的规划方法、城市建设技术为传承库区独特的文化和生态遗产,同时可持续地开发利用提供科学的依据和指导。     

基于主成分分析法研究内蒙古环境质量的统计分析

生态环境问题一直以来制约着西部地区的经济发展,内蒙古作为以资源型开发为主要工业结构的自治区在这方面表现尤为突出。为了使内蒙古自治区借助实施西部大开发战略和开展生态环境建设的机会推进环境保护工作的进程,从环境污染和生态破坏角度运用主成分分析法评价内蒙古自治区2005年到2009年间环境质量。通过综合得分分析得出内蒙古环境质量逐年好转,而且环境质量整体优化速率逐年加快,通过主成分分析得到大气污染和工业污染是在不同领域影响自治区环境质量的主导因素,主要归因于内蒙古自治区工业结构以资源能源型为主、沙尘天气频繁出现以及追求经济快速增长所致的环境问题。     

基于环境模式PM2.5的渤海及其西岸能见度预报技术优化研究

基于2019年12月1日—2020年11月30日渤海及其西岸地区能见度观测和数值模拟,研究了该区域海岸陆能见度演变特征及其预报方法,并通过引入PM_2.5浓度及建立相应的消光方程,提升该地区能见度预报准确率.结果表明：渤海及其西岸地区海岸陆能见度演变特征存在差异,就年平均能见度而言,海上（含港口）高于陆地,并且前者的能见度日变化较后者更趋平缓,低能见度（<3 km）天气陆地主要出现在0:00—8:00,海上（含港口）则全天均有可能出现,海上（含港口）0～500 m低能见度天气多于陆地,500～3000 m低能见度天气少于陆地.渤海及其西岸地区能见度预报需要考虑气溶胶消光的影响,欧洲数值模式（ECMWF）和天津气象台主观能见度预报产品,在该区域预报与实况的相关系数为0.2～0.3,相对误差为40%～50%.引入天津环境模式PM_2.5浓度预报,基于ECMWF相对湿度和环境模式液态水含量,通过消光方程可以较好地改进预报该区域能见度的效果,其产品陆地和港口能见度预报与实况的相关系数分别为在0.8和0.5以上,相对误差分别为20%和40%左右,小于...     

经济韧性与经济高质量发展的关系研究——以长三角地区26个地级市为例

基于熵值法测算得到经济韧性指数和经济高质量发展指数,运用耦合协调模型和多种面板回归模型探究我国长三角城市群经济韧性与经济高质量发展之间的协同关系和影响效应。结果表明:①长三角城市经济韧性和经济高质量发展水平不断提升,表现出"核心—边缘"的空间格局。②二者协同关系呈现稳中有升态势,但核心城市和边缘城市的相对差异逐渐扩大。③经济韧性显著促进经济高质量发展,边缘地区经济韧性对经济质量的作用效果更强。因此,长三角地区要充分发挥中心城市的辐射作用,加强城市内外产业联动发展,以推动经济稳定持续的高质量发展。     

Climate variability,water levels,and fish catch in the Upper East Region of Ghana

The aim of the research was to investigate the effects of climate variability on selected water bodies in the Upper East Region of Ghana using time series decomposition and simple linear regression analyses. Data on temperature and rainfall (1960–2015), annual total fish catch (1996–2016), and the recorded water levels (1987–2015) of a major reservoir, the Tono, were used. Time series decomposition analyses were performed on the rainfall, temperature, and water level data to identify their trends. While temperature was increasing, rainfall was decreasing and resulted in a decrease in the water level in the Tono Reservoir. The decreasing water level in the reservoir made fish catch easier, which led to overfishing. Out of the other 39 dugouts studied, 8 (21%) were silted. Also, rainfall was decreasing at 4.4% per decade and minimum and maximum temperatures were increasing at 2.5% and 0.03% per decade, respectively. The minimum, maximum, and mean water levels of the Tono Reservoir were 3.7, 8.0, and 4.9 meters (m), respectively. The water level of the Tono Reservoir was decreasing by ?0.08 m per year. It is concluded that the water level in the Tono Reservoir was continually decreasing as a result of decreasing rainfall and increasing maximum and minimum temperatures. To maintain a much more stable microclimate and decrease the siltation rate of the reservoirs, farmers are advised to stop farming along the banks of water bodies and avoid clearing vegetation. Fishermen are also encouraged to adopt fish farming in enclosed areas within the reservoir to meet the growing protein demands in the Upper East Region of Ghana.     

Evaluation of the ecological status with benthic indices in the coastal system： the case of Bohai Bay （China）

Based on biologic and environmental materials collected from coastal areas of Bohai Bay （China） in April, 2008, three biotic indices （AZTI＇s Marine Biotic Index （AMBI）, Shannon-Wiener Index and W-statistic） were applied together to evaluate the ecological status of the sampling area. The results showed a clear spatial gradient from a worse ecological status in the near-shore areas （especially around Haihe and Jiyun River Estuaries） to a better status in the offshore areas. While all the three indices could assist decision makers in visualizing spatial changes of organic pollutants in Bohai Bay, two indices, i. e., AMBI and Shannon-Wiener index, were effective in distinguishing sites from Haihe River Estuary, Jiyun River Estuary and other area. However, W-statistic can＇t tell the differences between estuaries and other area. It would be explained that organic pollutants and/or other environ- mental stresses in Bohai Bay were not strong enough to reduce the size ofmacrozoobenthos, which may cause both of the abundance and biomass curves crossed. To our knowledge, this is the first time that several benthic indices were used to assess the benthic ecological status in Bohai Bay, which gave the similar results. Furthermore, there is indication that the ecological status is related to excess input of wastewater along main rivers and outlets. In a word, AMBI, Shannon-Wiener Index and W-statistic could be able to assess the benthic ecological status of Bohai Bay under the organic pollutants pressure.     

中国环渤海地区县域土地适度非农化研究

基于土地非农化与经济发展阶段耦合规律的理论分析,应用承载力模型,开展了2008年环渤海地区县域土地非农化适度性的评价和土地适度非农化阈值的界定。结果表明:①受区域土地资源禀赋与经济社会需求的影响,经济社会发展对非农建设用地的需求与建设用地供给之间呈现为正反双向的"S"型曲线,两者之间的耦合变化规律以工业化完成阶段最为显著;②工业化初期至后期阶段土地非农化趋势表现为缓慢增长,土地适度非农化阈值为10.0%~17.5%;③工业化与城镇化驱动作用强度决定着土地非农化规模的区域差异。因地制宜、科学调控土地非农化进程是区域可持续发展的重要保障。     

三江源区生态系统服务间接使用价值评估

论文利用替代成本法、机会成本法和影子工程法等经济学方法,对三江源区生态系统提供的间接使用价值进行了评估。研究结果表明:2008年三江源区生态系统的间接使用价值共计1.74×10¹¹元,其中水源涵养价值为1.07×10¹¹元,占61.38%,土壤保持价值为4.60×10¹⁰元,占26.50%,气候调节价值为2.01×10¹⁰元,占11.56%,空气质量调节价值为9.56×10⁸元,占0.55%。该结果突出反映了三江源区作为水源发源地在水量平衡、调节区域水分循环和改善水文状况等方面做出的贡献。     

Ecological risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons found in coastal sediments along the northern shores of the Bohai Sea (China)

The total concentrations of 16 United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA)-listed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) found in coastal and estuarine sediments along the northern shores of the Bohai and Yellow Seas, China, at any study location varied from 0.236 to 8.34 nM g^?1 dry weight (dw). For a given PAH, concentrations varied by one to two orders of magnitude. Ecological risk assessments based on biota–sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) indicated that the potential ecological hazard of PAHs in the sediments was limited. The average total sediment PAH concentrations were less than the effects range low, indicating that PAHs currently present in the sediments were not harmful to aquatic organisms. The estimated PAH concentration in the aquatic organisms was 0.223 nM g^?1 and posed a limited threat to human health via biological concentration from sediment to harvest of the sea. Assuming no additional PAH inputs, 99% of the 16 PAH molecules currently present in the sediments would be degraded in 40 years.