一个适用于区域性大气环境模拟的大气光化学模式

根据“计数物种”法对光化学反应机制的分析,建立了一个适用于区域性光化学反应模拟的模式,该模式能较好地模拟出NO_x、O_3及H_2O_2等大气光化学污染物的变化,在保证模拟准确性的同时,该模式形式简单,有利于在实际大气环境质量模拟中应用.     

4-氯苯酚在水溶液中的光化学反应(Ⅱ)反应的动力学研究

研究了在模拟太阳光和紫外光作用下，４氯苯酚（４ＣＰ）的光反应动力学．研究表明，紫外光的作用更为显著．４ＣＰ的反应速率与４ＣＰ起始浓度、ｐＨ值，金属离子浓度、富里酸浓度等因素有关．通入空气，能够加速４ＣＰ降解．     

Detection of fetal cells in maternal blood

We report the detection of fetal cells in the maternal circulation by enzymatic amplification of a single copy gene sequence that was fetal-specific. Fetal HLA-A2-positive cells were sorted from maternal HLA-A2-negative cells by flow cytometry and confirmed by demonstration of a fetal-specific HLA-DR4 sequence. However, this sequence could not be detected in unenriched maternal DNA prepared at 28 and 32 weeks' gestation. The sensitivity of detection was 1 HLA-DR4-positive cell in 10⁵ HLA-DR4-negative cells. We conclude that prenatal diagnosis of paternally inherited autosomal-dominant genetic defects may be possible by selective gene amplification of maternal peripheral blood. However, preliminary enrichment for fetal cells may be necessary.     

The effect of light on the Mn(II) or Fet(lll)-catalyzed oxidation of aqueous S(IV)

ＴｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｌｉｇｈｔｏｎｔｈｅＭｎ（ＩＩ）ｏｒＦｅｔｌｌｌ）ｘａｔａｌｙｚｅｄｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎｏｆａｑｕｅｏｕｓＳ（ＩＶ）ＸｕＹｏｎｇｆｕ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＰｈｙｓｉｃｓ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃ...     

Polymerase chain reaction analysis of the cystic fibrosis ΔF508 mutation in human blastomeres following oocyte injection of a single sperm from a carrier

The efficiency of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in detecting the cystic fibrosis (CF) ΔF508 mutation (which is the most common mutation of CF) was assessed in single human blastomeres. Twenty-one human immature oocytes (germinal-vesicle-stage oocytes) that had been donated for research were matured in vitro and a single spermatozoon from a carrier of the CF ΔF508 mutation was injected into the ooplasm. Fourteen embryos were obtained after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). PCR analysis was carried out on 70 single blastomeres isolated from these 14 embryos. The results showed that the efficiency of DNA amplification by PCR in single nucleate blastomeres was 94 per cent (59/63). There were no false-positive results since none of the blank samples or the blastomeres without a nucleus showed an amplified signal. We found that nine embryos were homozygous for the unaffected genotype and that four embryos were heterozygous since they contained both the unaffected and the ΔF508 genotype. In a four-cell embryo, we observed the homozygous unaffected genotype in one blastomere and a heterozygous ΔF508/unaffected genotype in the other three blastomeres.     

Calculation method of quantum efficiency to TiO2 nanocrystal photocatalysis reaction

The quantum yield is an important factor to evaluate the efficiency of photoreactor.This article vires an overall calculation method of the quantum efficiency(Φ) and the apparent quantum efficiency(Φa) to the TiO2/UV photocatalysis system.Furthermore,for the immobility system(IS),the formulation of the faction of light absorbed by the TiO2 thin film is proposed so as to calculate the quantum efficiency by using the measured value and theoretic calculated value of transmissivity(T).For the suspension system(SS),due to the difficulty to obtain the adsorption coefficient(α) of TiO2 particulates,the quantum efficiency is calculated by means of the relative photonic efficiency(ζr)and the standard quantum yield(Φstandard).     

Pathway of the ozonation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in aqueous solution

The reaction mechanism and pathway of the ozonation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) in aqueous solution were investigated. The removal efficiency and the variation of H₂O₂, Cl⁻ formic acid, and oxalic acid were studied during the semi-batch ozonation experiments (continuous for ozone gas supply, fixed volume of water sample). The results showed that when there was no scavenger, the removal efficiency of 0.1 mmol/L 2,4,6-TCP could reach 99% within 6 min by adding 24 mg/L ozone. The reaction of molecular ozone with 2,4,6-TCP resulted in the formation of H₂O₂. The maximal concentration of H₂O₂ detected during the ozonation could reach 22.5% of the original concentration of 2,4,6-TCP. The reaction of ozone with H₂O₂ resulted in the generation of a lot of OH• radicals. Therefore, 2,4,6-TCP was degraded to formic acid and oxalic acid by ozone and OH• radicals together. With the inhibition of OH• radicals, ozone molecule firstly degraded 2,4,6-TCP to form chlorinated quinone, which was subsequently oxidized to formic acid and oxalic acid. Two reaction pathways of the degradation of 2,4,6-TCP by ozone and O₃/OH• were proposed in this study. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(12): 1619–1623 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

聚丙烯环管反应器参数安全性分析

采用参数敏感性分析方法对聚丙烯装置环管反应器反应温度、转化率对初温的安全敏感性进行了研究。结果表明,反应初温在72~74℃的范围属于反应器的温度敏感区域,超过74℃则进入温度极敏感区域,可引起反应器堵塞、出料泵过载,严重时可造成非正常停车、甚至超压爆炸事故。     

三氯乙烯和四氯乙烯与羟基自由基加成反应的理论研究

用从头计算法在ＵＨＦ／６－３１Ｇ水平上研究了三氯乙烯和四氯乙烯与羟基自由基的加成反应，通过振动分析确认了过渡态，计算了内禀反应坐标（ＩＲＣ）。研究表明，该反应能生成较稳定的加成中间体，活化势垒分别为５０．８７ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ＾－１和６３．８３ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ＾－１，且二者反应在常温下均为熵减、放热、吉布斯自由能变化小于零，能自发进行的过程。     

固体废弃物焚烧炉的燃烧理论

文中介绍了用固体废弃物焚烧炉处理城市生活垃圾时的燃烧过程和燃烧机理。在介绍垃圾三成分（水分、可燃分、碳）与低位驻热量之间的关系的基础上，分析了燃烧中所需的理论空气量、实际空气量、空气比，同时介绍了具体计算公式。