华北城市地区潜水中主要离子含量变化的反应途径模拟

近三十年来，由于污染，华北城市地区潜水中主要离子如ＣＡ＾２＋、Ｍｇ＾２＋等含量逐年升高，影响工农业生产，本采用反应途径模拟的方法对上述情况进行了研究，作共设计了７种反应途径，分别模拟了含碳酸盐或硅酸盐、铝硅酸盐较丰富地区地下水中盐效应和ＣＯ２分压升高对基主要离子含量的影响，模拟过程中考虑了２２种化学反应，３３种存在形式（包括气体、固体）。结果表明，盐效应和ＣＯ２分压升高对地下水中Ｃａ＾２＋、Ｍ     

Comparison of some atmospheric chemical modeling schemes

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新型棉纤维吸附剂的制备及性能研究

以棉纤维为基体,利用高锰酸钾和硫酸作为引发剂,将丙烯酰胺聚合后接枝到棉纤维中葡萄糖单元的羟基上,采用四因素三水平正交试验法对接枝聚合反应进行了优化,并且利用霍夫曼降级反应对改性棉纤维进行稳定处理.在不同条件下,研究了改性棉纤维对Cr6 的吸附性能及解吸再生后的吸附性能.结果表明,在最佳实验条件下制备的棉纤维吸附剂对Cr6 的吸附率可达86%,且经过5次解吸再生后,其吸附率仍可达到80%以上.该棉纤维吸附剂不仅制备方法简单,而且解吸操作方便,可应用于污水中Cr6 的处理.     

燃煤烟气中多环芳烃(PAHs)光化学降解的研究

研究了各种条件下，燃煤烟气中多环芳烃（PAHs）的光化学降解。实验结果表明，采用模拟日光中紫外部分的荧光灯照射，PAHs光解率随光照强度、照射时间、温度和水蒸气含量的增加而增大。由此推断，在夏季高温、潮湿和高日照条件下，PAHs一般在数小时内即全部降解。而在冬季低温、干燥和低日照的气候条件下，PAHs降解速率很小，可在大气中停留较长时间，扩散到较远距离。还提出了由烟气中水蒸气产生的气态OH自由基以及未燃尽烃类自由基与激发态PAHs碰撞导致发生PAHs污染物光化学降解的反应机理。     

Photochemical reaction of particle-bound 1-nitropyrene under simulated atmospheric condition

Photoreaction of particle-bound 1-nitropyrehe (1-NP) under simulated atmospheric condition has been studied. When 1-NP coated on the surface of silica gel was suspended in a stream of nitrogen, oxygen or air, respectively, and exposed to intensive light of xenon lamp, photochemical reaction took place. The result of kinetic study showed it to be of the second order. The photoreaction products were identified by off-line HPLC/MS as 1,6-pyrenequinone, 1,8-pyrenequinone, trinitro-hydroxypyrene, dinitrohydroxypyrene, 6,6'- dipyrenenone, etc. The mutagenicity of photochemical reaction products is higher in oxygen and air, and lower in nitrogen than that of the precursor 1-NP, as detected by the Ames Bioassay.     

In situ IR,pulse reaction and TPD-ITD study of catalytic performance of room-temperature carbon monoxide oxidation on supported gold catalysts

With in situ IR, two different CO adsorption bands were detected on various chemical state gold catalysts. One band is attributed to the linear CO on an oxidized gold catalyst(2100 cm i ), the other one is ascribed to the bridged CO on metallic gold (2085 cm- i ). CO pulse reaction showed that Au/Fe203 catalyst had a room-temperature activity even in the presence of moisture. The produced CO2 was detained and more easily desorbed from supported gold catalyst than support oxide. TPD-IDT results indicated that the 02- superoxide ions are the possible active oxygen species.     

CAX复合混凝剂处理含油废水的研究

针对石油工业含油废水的处理研制了一种CAX复合混凝剂。给出了CAX复合混凝剂的最佳反应条件,并与常用的铝盐,铁盐混凝剂处理效果进行比较。实验结果表明：在pH6-9,温度15－40℃,加药量0.5g/L,处理时间5－8min实验条件下,对含油废水中油和COD的去除率分别达到98％和80％以上,处理效果明显优于常用混凝剂。     

Psychological impact of amniocentesis on low-risk women

The study comprised 85 young (25–34 years old) women who underwent genetic amniocentesis, 80 comparable young women who had an ultrasoundscan at the same gestational age and 74 women (35–40 years old) who had amniocentesis. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Visual Analogue Scales concerning anxiety and worry were used on four occasions to evaluate psychological changes during pregnancy. The anxiety level in the younger women decreased after amniocentesis and a further decrease was observed after the results were communicated to them. However, similar changes were seen in the group of younger women after ultrasonography, and there was no difference in anxiety level between the two groups of younger women in the 16th or in the 35th week of pregnancy. Thus, in younger women at low genetic risk amniocentesis was neither anxiety-relieving, nor anxiety-creating. The level of anxiety before amniocentesis was not higher in the older than in the younger women having amniocentesis. However, in the younger women a significant decrease in anxiety was seen as soon as amniocentesis had been performed, while in the older women this decrease was delayed until after the results were known.     

活性炭脱硫研究 (Ⅱ)水蒸汽存在下SO2的氧化反应机理

利用一等温微分反应器进行了ＳＯ２－Ｈ２Ｏ－Ｏ２－Ｎ２体系中ＳＯ２在椰壳炭上的氧化反应本征动力学测定，提出了这一反应的３种可能的机理，通过与实验结果的对比，得出这一反应的控制步骤为Ｈ２ＳＯ３＋Ｏ→Ｈ２ＳＯ４。     

Properties and biodegradability of chain-extended copoly(succinic anhydride/ethylene oxide)

Chain-extension reactions were carried out using titanium-iso-propoxide (TIP) as a catalyst for a series of polyesters or copolyesterethers with low molecular weights (M _n =1500–10,000) synthesized by the ring-opening copolymerization of succinic anhydride (SA) with ethylene oxide (EO). The copolymers having aM _n from 25,000 to 50,000 of different properties were obtained. Both the melting point (T _m ) and the fusion heat (H), which indicate the crystallinity of the copolymers, rose with an increase in SA content in the copolymers. Semitransparent films were prepared by compression molding of the copolymers. The biodegradation of the copolymer films was evaluated by enzymatic hydrolysis by lipases and by an aerobic gas evolution test in standard activated sludge. The hydrolyzability of these copolymers by three kinds of lipases was affected by their copolymer composition SA/EO, form, andM _n . The copolyesterether (SA/EO=43/57,M _n =48,900) was more easily biodegraded by standard activated sludge compared to the polyester (SA/EO=47/53,M _n =36,300).Presented at the Pacifichem-95, December 17–22, 1995, Honolulu, Hawaii.