Effects of ferric oxide on decompositions of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide

Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKPO) is a widely used initiator for polymerization reaction and hardener in glass-reinforced plastic. However, MEKPO is an unstable reactive chemical and has caused several serious accidents all over the world. This work studied the thermal stability of MEKPO in the presence of ferric oxide as the contaminant through calorimetric and kinetic studies. The calorimetry was performed using Automatic Pressure Tracking Adiabatic Calorimeter (APTAC) to identify the effects of ferric oxide (different concentration) on important reactive hazards such as onset temperature and pressure hazard. Kinetic modeling was then performed to study the kinetics of the runaway reaction and estimate important kinetic parameters. The results indicate that in the low concentration range (<0.3%), ferric oxide has no significant effect on the thermal stability of MEKPO. However, in the high and intermediate concentration range of ferric oxide (i.e., 10%), the negative effect on the thermal stability of MEKPO was observed. This result is in agreement with the kinetic study result that the activation energy and frequency factor decrease dramatically in the high ferric oxide concentration range. The results provide necessary process safety information for the handling of MEKPO and also technical basis for the further study in this area.     

江汉油田老二站提高水质达标率研究

江汉油田老二站采出水经典处理后回注,出水悬浮物、Fe2+和细菌均超标严重,水质达标率低.通过工艺调整,工艺前段利用SRB的除铁作用大幅度降低Fe2+含量;絮凝沉降阶段依据Fenton反应原理,借助H2O2的氧化除铁与杀菌作用,提高絮凝沉降效率,降低悬浮物含量;工艺末段选用多种杀菌剂交替杀菌.结果表明,工艺调整后以100 mg/L的H2O2代替原絮凝剂,间歇添加100 mg/L的杀菌剂Ⅱ,出水含铁1.5 mg/L、悬浮物3.0 mg/L、SRB 10个/mL,老二站水质达到注水水质标准要求,水质达标率达80％.     

Reuse of spent bleaching earth by polymerisation of residual organics

Spent bleaching earth (SBE) is a waste generated by the edible oil industry that currently has limited options for beneficial reuse. In excess of ～2 million tonnes per year of SBE is generated world-wide with major quantities available in the middle-east where significant volumes of edible oils are produced. Low pressure compaction followed by heat treatment at 150 °C causes polymerisation of the residual organic components in SBE and this produces monolithic samples with high unconfined compressive strengths (54 MPa). SBE can therefore be used to manufacture novel clay blocks for use in construction that are bonded by polymerised vegetable oil. This represents a new, innovative and resource efficient application for SBE. In this research, commercial SBE has been characterised and the effects of key processing variables (temperature and compaction pressure) on the compressive strength, porosity and density of the SBE clay blocks are reported and the mechanisms responsible for strength development are discussed.     

复合绝缘子伞裙硬化机理研究

作为复合绝缘子伞裙护套的主要材料,高温硫化硅橡胶的性能在很大程度上决定了整支复合绝缘子的运行性能。高温硫化硅橡胶的硬化现象会严重影响复合绝缘子伞裙的力学性能;同时硬化现象往往伴随着更严重的性能劣化,例如憎水性的下降甚至丧失等,这些现象会直接威胁电力系统安全运行。针对复合绝缘子的硬化现象研究了硬化的内在机理,并采用平衡溶胀法研究了复合绝缘子交联密度与硬度的关系。研究认为,复合绝缘子的硬化主要是由于填料与硅氧烷进一步吸附导致的,同时也有硅氧烷氧化的作用。     

A novel process for recycling and resynthesizing LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 from the cathode scraps intended for lithium-ion batteries

To solve the recycling challenge for aqueous binder based lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), a novel process for recycling and resynthesizing LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ from the cathode scraps generated during manufacturing process is proposed in this study. Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is employed to separate the cathode material from the aluminum foil. The effects of TFA concentration, liquid/solid (L/S) ratio, reaction temperature and time on the separation efficiencies of the cathode material and aluminum foil are investigated systematically. The cathode material can be separated completely under the optimal experimental condition of 15 vol.% TFA solution, L/S ratio of 8.0 mL g^?1, reacting at 40 °C for 180 min along with appropriate agitation. LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ is successfully resynthesized from the separated cathode material by solid state reaction method. Several kinds of characterizations are performed to verify the typical properties of the resynthesized LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ powder. Electrochemical tests show that the initial charge and discharge capacities of the resynthesized LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ are 201 mAh g^?1 and 155.4 mAh g^?1 (2.8–4.5 V, 0.1 C), respectively. The discharge capacity remains at 129 mAh g^?1 even after 30 cycles with a capacity retention ratio of 83.01%.     

污泥焚烧残渣水热合成NaPl型沸石和水钙沸石的性质研究

本文以污泥焚烧残渣为原料,以传统水热合成方法制得NaPl型沸石和水钙沸石,并对其相关指标进行表征．经x射线衍射、扫描电镜和红外光谱测定表明,制得的产物为无其它杂晶生成的NaPl型沸石和水钙沸石,且具有放射束片状晶体形貌和沸石骨架结构．与原污泥焚烧残渣相比,合成沸石的比表面积和阳离子交换容量提高了47倍、17倍,分别达到...     

基于阻尼器反力墙体系的特大型LNG储罐控制研究

特大型液化天然气(LNG)储罐的固有频率通常介于2～10Hz之间,处于大部分地震运动的频率范围之内.在过去的几十年中,许多事故已经证明,储罐在地震作用下很容易遭破坏.使用隔震支座来减少储罐的地震作用已经被证明是非常有效的,但对于特大型LNG储罐,其连接组件对隔震层层问位移有严格限制,尤其是在软土场地中,桩水平抗力与隔震...     

膜生物反应器脱氮除碳环境的研究

利用膜生物反应器研究垃圾填埋场垃圾渗滤运行环境,在常温环境下,运行结果表明：膜能够截留大量并使世代时间长的硝化菌在最短的时间富集成为优势菌种,对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮具有高效的去除效率;氨氮负荷0.082~0.109gN/gMLSS.d,CODC r负荷0.136~0.192g CODC r/gMLSS.d,DO 2.0~3.5mg/L,脱除氨氮的效果较好,去除率在95%~98%,CODC r去除率60%~70%。     

某恒温间歇反应的热失控研究

为得到某恒温间歇反应冷却系统临界温度Tc并评估该反应体系的热危险性,基于间歇反应体系热参数的敏感性,探讨数值计算方法和选用4种反应热失控临界判据得到的不同Tc值。结果表明,数值计算方法得到了反应体系的Tc为31.7℃,Semenov判据、Sliding判据、Da/St判据得到的Tc值分别为10℃,17℃和27℃;无量纲绝热温升B给出的结论是,在允许的工艺温度范围内,该反应对任意的冷却系统温度都处于难以控制状态。数值计算方法及各判据得到的Tc的较大差异性说明各方法均有一定的局限性。在运用参数敏感性分析的基础上,结合风险矩阵图方法对系统冷却失效的热危险性进行评估,得到不同Tc下风险可接受、有条件接受及不可接受对应的参数范围的物料累积度Xac与最大反应速率到达时间θ间的关系。     

真实条件下长时间作业的驾驶安全性影响研究

为研究长时间单调驾驶对驾驶员疲劳、嗜睡、反应时间和驾驶速度的确切影响,以合作企业3系重卡为操作对象进行了一组真实驾驶条件试验。在自愿的基础上随机地从合作企业物流公司选择12名经验丰富的驾驶员作为试验的驾驶员样本。试验采用主观评分方法记录试验者的嗜睡和疲劳状况,所有数据分析基于统计学软件PASW Statistic 18.0。试验结果表明长时间单调驾驶会导致驾驶员疲劳和嗜睡,而疲劳和嗜睡在一定的程度上会导致驾驶速度的加快,却没有导致驾驶员反应时间的显著变化。在持续驾驶3 h之后驾驶员的疲劳和驾驶绩效发生了明显劣化,故从安全的角度考虑应以2~3 h为界合理安排司机的作业负荷和绩效考评。