氮磷对微囊藻和栅藻生长及竞争的影响

为了揭示不同营养条件下,藻类优势种的形成规律,选取了3种具有代表性水体的营养盐浓度,对于蓝藻水华的常见种铜绿微囊藻和绿藻水华的常见种四尾栅藻进行了竞争实验.通过竞争抑制参数对相互间的竞争关系进行了分析.结果表明,在贫营养水平下,栅藻的存在能够刺激微囊藻的生长,N/P值越小,刺激作用越明显,微囊藻也能刺激栅藻的生长;富营养水平下,竞争抑制作用与N/P有关;超富营养水平下,栅藻对微囊藻的抑制能力约为微囊藻对栅藻的抑制能力的3倍,N/P值的变化对竞争抑制作用的影响不明显.在较低氮磷浓度的水体中,微囊藻容易成为优势种,而在较高的氮磷浓度的水体中,四尾栅藻更容易成为优势种.     

N1923络合萃取丙酸的研究

分别以模拟和实际丙酸发酵废水体系为研究对象,采用络合萃取法回收稀溶液中的丙酸,结果表明,对含2%丙酸的水溶液,以45%(体积比)的N1923为萃取剂,以煤油和正辛醇为稀释剂进行萃取,在油水相比1∶4的情况下,单级萃取率可达97%.对实际发酵废水中丙酸的萃取,在二级错流萃取的情况下,也能达到同样的分离效果.有机溶剂循环使用实验表明,经过10次重复利用后其萃取能力基本不变.     

Plan C： China＇s Development under the Scarcity of Natural Capital

The critical issue of China＇s modernization is whether it can free itself from the traditional modernization plan based on the relatively abundant natural capital, and innovatively create a developmental model of a large country under the scarcity of natural capital. This is why China is so keen on circular economy and economical use of resources. Focused on this issue, this paper summarizes the theoretical elements of the development under the scarcity of natural capital, points out that Plan C is the strategic choice for China＇s future development, emphasizes that China needs to enhance the new industrialization, new urbanization and new modernization based on the restriction of natural capital, and discusses the technological and mechanistic support required to realize the development under the scarcity of natural capital.     

International environmental agreements with support

We augment the standard cartel formation game from non-cooperative coalition theory, often applied in the context of international environmental agreements, with the possibility that singletons support coalition formation without becoming coalition members themselves. We assume their support takes the form of a monetary transfer to the coalition, in order to induce larger coalitions, higher levels of public good provision and higher payoffs. We show that, under mild conditions on the costs and benefits of contributing to the public good (e.g. abatement of greenhouse gas emissions), there exist equilibria with support. Allowing for support increases payoffs to each of three types of agents: members, supporters and free-riders.     

Effect of clay minerals on extractability of heavy metals and sewage sludge mineralization in soil

An incubation experiment lasting 111 d was carried out to study the effect of the addition of three clay minerals (Na-bentonite, Ca-bentonite, and zeolite) to soil derived from sewage sludge on water-extractable and exchangeable forms of four heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ni), as well as on soil organic matter mineralization, microbial biomass C and the release of inorganic N. The addition of clay minerals led to a significant decrease in water-extractable and exchangeable forms of heavy metals. The extent of decrease ranged from 14 to 75% for the water-extractable heavy metals and from 12 to 42% for the exchangeable form over the incubation time, as compared with untreated soil. The reduction in extractability of heavy metals was greater due to the addition of Na-bentonite and Ca-bentonite than that due to the addition of zeolite. Addition of clay minerals did not affect any of the following microbiological parameters in the soil: microbial biomass C, organic C (C_org) mineralization, and metabolic quotient (qCO₂), and release of inorganic N during the first 3 weeks of incubation. However, as the incubation period increased, these parameters were significantly increased by the addition of clay minerals, especially by the addition of Na-bentonite and Ca-bentonite. This result is explained by a strong reduction in extractability of heavy metals after the addition of Na-bentonite and Ca-bentonite.     

基于C/S+B/S混合模式的城市重大危险源管理系统的研究

分析城市重大危险源管理系统的功能结构,针对现阶段技术应用的局限性,笔者提出C/S+B/S混合模式的解决方案;对数据库系统、网络构架及安全性、兼容性和模型系统等关键技术进行研究;开发出基于C/S+B/S混合模式的城市重大危险源管理系统。该系统对解决城市重大危险源统一管理与布局分散的矛盾,实现重大危险源动态监管和重大事故应急指挥智能化,提高事故应急救援指挥和救援行为的效率有重要意义。     

灰色GM(1,2,M,N)在地面沉降预测中的应用

通过分析地面沉降过程与地下水开采量之间可能存在的时滞性以及非线性关系,将原有的灰色GM(1,2)模型改进为灰色GM(1,2,M,N)模型。通过对天津市塘沽、汉沽以及大港三区的沉降实例进行计算,发现新的模型能够较好地拟合和预测历史沉降过程,并且预测结果合理。     

福建省台风灾害时空变化分析

根据福建省灾害性气象年鉴和福建省气候影响评价资料,建立以县域为单元的福建省台风灾害数据库,运用Excel软件和M ap info技术,重建了1980~2005年福建台风灾害时空动态格局。研究表明:福建台风灾害年际变化总体呈波动上升趋势,年内80%左右集中在7~9月份,群发性强。空间上集中在沿海地区,灾情明显存在3个高值中心,即闽中的莆田、福清、长乐和平潭,闽南的漳浦、云霄和诏安,闽东北的霞浦和福鼎;致灾因子与灾情灾次比空间分布错位,体现承灾体脆弱性对台风灾害的影响。分阶段研究表明:台风灾害致灾因子变化不太明显,但灾情呈明显增强趋势,进一步反映环境不稳定性和承灾体脆弱性对台风灾害的影响机制。     

河北张家口地区雹灾区划研究

使用雹灾汇报资料,对本区的雹灾受灾频率、重灾频率和成灾面积比的分布做了区划分析。结果显示：受灾频率较大的地区基本与本区的坝头地带、坝上西部及复杂山地配合;较小的地区是海拔最低的洋河谷地。重灾频率和成灾面积比的分布与受灾频率基本相反。分析原因,主要是雹块大小与海拔高度呈反相关以及生长期的差异。