一种基于Landsat 8 OLI影像的水体信息提取方法研究

提出一种基于Landsat 8 OLI影像提取水体信息的斜率比值法（SR）,比对不同方法、不同类型水体和不同季节影像的数据,结果表明：SR法相比归一化差异水体指数法（NDWI）和改进的归一化差异水体指数法（MNDWI）,水体信息提取精度更高,且对阈值精确度的要求低,阈值一般设定为2.0;SR法适用于清澈水体、浑浊水体、浅水河滩等水体,对河流干流和较大支流的提取精度达到99%,细小支流、沟渠的提取精度为66%,面积较小的水体提取精度为65%;在冬季太阳高度角较低时,SR也能较好地去除阴影。     

Assessment of heavy metal accumulation in freshwater fish of Dongting Lake, China: Effects of feeding habits, habitat preferences and body size

We measured the concentrations of Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Hg, and the stable isotope ratios( δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) in 87 fish samples within 12 economic fish species collected from the Dongting Lake, the second largest freshwater lake in China. With few exceptions in concentration of Cr, most of fish species showed lower concentrations of the 8 metals than legislation thresholds. Piscivorous fishes had significantly higher values of δ¹⁵N（possessing higher trophic...     

半干半湿法脱硫灰循环利用中试试验研究

半干半湿法脱硫产生的脱硫灰中混有大量有效钙和粉煤灰 ,本文对其进行了循环利用机理分析及试验研究 ,证实脱硫灰循环大大提高了钙的利用率 ,降低了钙硫比 ,但循环倍率增加到 2倍以上时 ,脱硫效率增速变缓。脱硫灰的循环利用对降低脱硫运行费用是非常有效的。     

以TEOS为硅源的聚硅氯化铝中铝及硅形态分布

以正硅酸乙酯 (TEOS)为硅源 ,合成了新型的聚硅氯化铝 (PASC) ,利用Al Ferron逐时络合比色法和Si Mo逐时络合比色法分别研究了其Al形态及Si形态分布 ,并与常规方法 (以硅酸钠为硅源 )合成的聚硅氯化铝做了比较 .实验结果表明 ,新方法合成的PASC具有铝硅分布均匀 ,分子量较大 ,产品重现性好的优点 .两种方法合成的PASC具有相同的Al形态分布规律 ,即高分子量Al形态含量随B值 (碱化度 )和Si Al摩尔比的增大而增加 ,Al形态随Si Al摩尔比的变化程度随B值的增大而增大 .另外通过新方法发现 ,Si形态分布也具有规律性并和Al形态具有相似的分布特征 ,但Si形态随Si Al摩尔比的变化程度随B值的增大而减小 .     

半干半湿法烟气脱硫技术的工业应用研究

探讨了日本半干半湿法脱硫除尘系统和中国环境科学研究院半干半湿法烟气脱硫除尘示范系统的主要差别 ,研究了半干半湿法烟气脱硫技术在出塔烟气温度、钙硫摩尔比和循环粉煤灰返灰等方面对脱硫效率的影响。结果表明 ,在脱硫塔出口烟气温度为 78℃、m(循环粉煤灰返灰 )∶ m(石灰 )为 1∶ 4、n( Ca)∶ n( S) <1.2时 ,脱硫效率达 85 .1%;在 n( Ca)∶ n( S) =1.4时 ,脱硫效率可达 88.3 %。     

不同配比安全点火药B/KNO_3的研究

为研究可靠点燃主装药,性能稳定的B/KNO3点火药,对不同配比的B/KNO3进行配制并对其性能进行测试。不同配比B/KNO3在火焰感度、静电火花感度、撞击感度、摩擦感度4项外界刺激中,除了对撞击非常钝感之外,对其他3项外界刺激敏感。在不同比例的药中,以B/KNO3比例为50:50,粘结剂为X的药火焰感度最高,稳定性好;静电火花感度随B/KNO3中B比例提高而降低,摩擦感度随B/KNO3中B比例提高而提高,但当中B比例从40%提高到50%时,这两感度改变不多。分析得出B/KNO3比例为50:50,粘结剂为X的药满足对主装药点火可靠,稳定性好。     

Economic and financial analysis of harvesting and utilization of river reed in the Okavango Delta, Botswana

The Okavango Delta, the largest Ramsar wetland site, is one of the most resource-rich ecosystems in Botswana. A range of resources, including reeds, contribute in various ways to the well-being of many of the communities through subsistence and income generation. The economic value of reeds and other resources found in wetlands has been poorly understood, leading to the perception that wetlands are wastelands, and have little or no economic values. Such resources are therefore likely to receive lower priority in conservation when evaluated against other alternative activities. The aim of this research was to determine the benefit and financial and economic viability of harvesting river reed in the Okavango Delta. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered at three villages in the Okavango Delta. Secondary data were collected from existing literature. Financial and economic analysis was undertaken using static and financial models. Market prices were used to calculate the net income generated from the sale of harvested reed. The measurement criteria for static models were the annual net cash income, net annual economic benefit, and return on investment (ROI), while those under the dynamic models were the net present value (NPV), benefit cost ratio (BCR), and the net benefit investment (N/K) ratio. It was more financially profitable and economically viable to harvest and sell reeds at Shorobe village (a village relatively close to the District economic centre, Maun), than Shakawe or Etsha-13.     

上海市大气气溶胶中铅污染的综合研究

采用质子激发X荧光分析(PIXE)、质子微探针、电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)和扩展X-射线吸收精细结构谱(EXAFS)等分析手段研究上海市大气气溶胶PM₁₀中铅的浓度、化学种态和铅的源解析.研究发现2002年冬天和2003年上海地区大气气溶胶PM₁₀中铅的平均浓度分别为369ng/m³和224ng/m³,铅的化学种态主要是PbCl₂、PbSO₄和PbO,燃煤烟尘、钢铁烟尘和汽车尾气是主要排放源,它们对气溶胶中铅的贡献率分别为50%、35%和15%.     

三丁基锡对正常人胚胎羊膜细胞凋亡相关蛋白表达的影响

首次采用蛋白质印迹法研究三丁基锡(tributyltin,TBT)对正常人胚胎羊膜细胞FL(human amniotic cells)的Bcl-2、Bax和p53表达的影响.结果显示,在0、1、2、3、4μmol·L-1三丁基锡下作用2 h后,FL细胞的Bax蛋白表达量随浓度增加逐渐升高,Bcl-2蛋白表达量仅在3、4μmol·L-1浓度组相比于对照组明显下降.作为凋亡是否发生的决定因素,Bax/Bcl-2比值在三丁基锡高浓度组(3、4μmol·L-1)相比于对照有显著升高;而p53蛋白表达量没有明显变化.研究表明,Bcl-2和Bax参与了TBT诱导的细胞凋亡.     

应用多导流筒气升式环流生物反应器处理化肥工业含氨废水

在天津××化工厂建立了一套反应器有效体积为80m3的低高径比、多导流筒气升式环流生物反应器处理化肥工业含氨废水的装置。针对影响生物硝化效果的影响因素气液比、水力停留时间进行了考察,得到了操作的优化条件气液比为50∶1,水力停留时间为5h。在此条件下,该装置对废水中的COD_(Cr)和NH4+-N的去除率分别在75%和98%以上,出水中COD_(Cr)<50mg/L,NH4+-N<10mg/L。