The role of periodic boundary forcing in plankton pattern formation

We consider one and two-dimensional minimal models in plankton dynamics. The influence of oscillating boundary forcing functions as agents for triggering pattern formation is discussed. In particular it is found that in these conditions population waves arise for one dimensional models, while for two dimensional models, different amplitudes and frequencies in the boundary forcing generate definite patterns, mimicking the boundary term. This happens even though the model we investigate is very simple. The emergence of these features is an interesting metaphor for the fundamental biological problem of how pattern formation processes may be inevitable in natural heterogeneous ecosystems.     

气质联用法测固定污染源中三氟甲烷、四氟甲烷、六氟乙烷和六氟化硫

建立了固定污染源排气中三氟甲烷、四氟甲烷、六氟乙烷和六氟化硫的采样和气质联用分析方法,检出限分别为0.06、0.15、0.21、0.71 mg/m3,精密度在3.2%以下,相关系数大于0.999 6,并对浙江省内2家典型企业排放的温室气体进行了监测,实际样品监测结果表明,该方法能够满足废气中4种温室气体的监测要求。     

g-C_3N_4/C@Bi_2MoO_6复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化活性

通过水热合成法和液相沉积法制备g-C_3N_4/C@Bi_2MoO_6复合光催化剂,并采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、氮气吸脱附、紫外-可见漫反射等技术对其进行表征。研究了可见光下g-C_3N_4/C@Bi_2MoO_6催化降解罗丹明B(Rh B)的影响因素,并对其光催化反应机理进行初步探讨。实验结果表明:g-C_3N_4掺杂量为60%(w)时g-C_3N_4/C@Bi_2MoO_6的光催化活性最高;在60%g-C_3N_4/C@Bi_2MoO_6的投加量为1.00 g/L、初始Rh B质量浓度为2.50 mg/L、可见光照射150 min的条件下,Rh B的降解率达到97.90%;在g-C_3N_4/C@Bi_2MoO_6光催化降解体系中,h~+和·O_2~-是主要活性物种。     

石墨相氮化碳协同UV-H_2O_2光催化降解亚甲基蓝

以三聚氰胺为前驱体,经热解—回流法制备了石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4),采用XRD、FTIR、SEM、EDS、PL等技术对g-C_3N_4进行了表征。研究了g-C_3N_4在UV-H_2O_2体系中对废水中亚甲基蓝(MB)的光降解效果。实验结果表明,UV+g-C_3N_4催化剂+H_2O_2体系能协同降解MB,在初始MB质量浓度为20 mg/L、初始废水p H为5、废水体积为250 mL、g-C_3N_4加入量为0.10 g、H_2O_2浓度为0.4 mmol/L、反应温度为25℃的优化工艺条件下,紫外光照射70 min时MB脱色率达98.32%。g-C_3N_4催化剂具有较好的重复使用性能,使用5次后MB脱色率仍保持在95.10%。     

The humanitarian common logistic operating picture: a solution to the inter‐agency coordination challenge

Although significant progress has been made in developing the practice of humanitarian logistics, further improvements in efficiency and effectiveness have the potential to save lives and reduce suffering. This paper explores how the military/emergency services’ concept of a common operating picture (COP) can be adapted to the humanitarian logistics context, and analyses a practical and proven approach to addressing the key challenge of inter‐agency coordination and decision‐making. Successful adaptation could provide the mechanism through which predicted and actual demands, together with the location and status of material in transit, are captured, evaluated, and presented in real time as the basis for enhanced decision‐making between actors in the humanitarian supply network. Through the introduction of a humanitarian logistics COP and its linkages to national disaster management systems, local communities and countries affected by disasters and emergencies will be better placed to oversee and manage their response activities.     

钱塘江引水降氮示范工程的构建和运行研究

针对杭州西湖钱塘江引水低碳高氮的特点,提出以改性水草塘—复合垂直流人工湿地(IVCW)相耦合的生物—生态工艺进行引水处理,对该引水降氮示范工程的构建和运行效果进行了跟踪研究。结果表明,整个稳定运行期间(2012年7月19日至11月19日),耦合工艺对COD、TN、硝酸盐氮、TP的平均去除率分别为52.27%、52.49%、53.69%、52.79%,系统出水满足《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)Ⅳ标准;改性水草塘和IVCW单元作为耦合工艺的两个重要组成部分,在脱氮、除磷方面优势互补,从而共同保证出水水质的稳定;在改性水草塘单元,温度与COD的去除效果呈负相关关系,进水C/N与TN去除效果呈正相关关系;而在IVCW单元,温度与COD、TN的去除效果均呈线性正相关关系,进水C/N与两者的去除效果也呈正相关关系,且对COD的影响要大于对TN的影响。     

磷酸微波活化多孔生物质炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附特性

以甘蔗渣为原料,采用微波辅助H3PO4活化法制备富含含氧酸官能团的中孔生物质炭。通过扫描电子显微镜SEM、傅立叶变换红外光谱FT-IR等技术对生物质炭物理化学性质进行表征,并通过静态实验法,探讨炭样对亚甲基蓝的吸附行为及热力学性质。结果表明,H3PO4活化制备蔗渣生物质炭的适宜条件为浸渍比1：1,烘干时间10h,活化功率900W,活化时间22min,在此条件下制得的生物质炭得率为39．2％,碘值为817mg／g,亚甲基蓝值为229mg／g,为国家一级品标准的1．7倍。红外光谱分析表明,炭样表面以羟基、羰基、羧基等酸性官能团为主。静态吸附实验表明,Freundlich方程与Redlich—Peterson方程能较好地描述等温吸附行为,表现为优惠吸附。热力学研究表明,吸附吉布斯自由能（△G0）〈0,说明吸附反应是自发过程,而吸附标准焓变（△H0）〉70KJ／mol,表明亚甲基蓝在制备炭样上的吸附是吸热反应,升温有利于吸附,且化学反应在吸附过程中发挥了重要作用。     

活性污泥缺氧转化1-2-7-三氨基-8-羟基-3-6-萘二磺酸

1—2-7-三氨基-8-羟基-3—6-萘二磺酸（TAHNDS）作为偶氮染料的脱色产物很难被常规的厌氧-好氧染料废水处理工艺所去除。研究了未经驯化的活性污泥对TAHNDS的缺氧转化效果。结果表明,只有在特定的缺氧条件下（ORP在-50～-150mV之间）,TAHNDS才能被活性污泥所降解转化。当浓度在10—80mg／L范围内,TAHNDS可在72h内转化93％以上。加入100mg／L的硝酸盐和0．64mmol／L的氧化还原介体蒽醌-2-磺酸钠（AQS）可将40mg／L的TAHNDS的转化时间从84h缩短到36h。光谱及HPLC—MS分析表明,TAHNDS在缺氧条件下主要是通过脱氨基和脱磺酸作用生成已知可好氧生物降解的3,5-二氨基4-羟基萘-2-磺酸。因此,缺氧处理有望作为预处理工艺促进废水中TAHNDS的完全降解。     

Ce-PbO_2/C电极的制备及其去除水中酸性红B

采用电沉积法制备铈修饰的PbO2/C电极,通过SEM、XRD、XPS及循环伏安对PbO2/C、Ce-PbO2/C电极进行表征,结果表明,Ce-PbO2/C电极比PbO2/C颗粒细小,表面均匀致密,电化学氧化能力较强,修饰电极中Ce以CeO2的形态存在。以Ce-PbO2/C为工作电极,电解浓度为1 000 mg/L的高盐酸性红B模拟活性染料废水,考察了电压、pH、电解质浓度、极间距对脱色率、氨氮去除率及COD去除率的影响。确定适宜工艺条件为：初始酸性红B溶液浓度为1 000 mg/L,pH值为6,电压10 V,电解时间1 h,电极间距1.5 cm,该条件下脱色率、氨氮去除率和COD去除率分别为99.98%、97.23%和90.17%。通过UV-Vis及GC-MS初步分析了降解过程可能存在的中间产物及降解途径。     

Forensic Evaluation of Metals (Cr,Cu, Pb,Zn), Isotopes (δ13C and δ15N), and C:N Ratios in Freshwater Sediment

A forensic approach was used to evaluate sediments from Portão Stream, including analysis of metals, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stable isotopes, and C:N ratios. Samples collected at various points located along the stream were tested in order to investigate a possible illegal leachate input. The studied stream is heavily impacted by sewage and industrial discharges from two cities along its course. Among the metals analyzed, chromium (Cr) was noticeably the main pollutant, showing the highest levels, above regulatory limits, downstream from some potential sources of effluents enriched with this metal. Isotope analyses revealed a general trend of depletion in the heavier isotope along the stream for C and N. The exception was one point near a hazardous waste landfill, where relatively more enriched δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values were found. The isotope and metal analysis results indicated that this site was affected by a particular source, demonstrating the combination of these parameters could be used for the discrimination of sources in a heavily polluted stream. Nevertheless, further investigations are necessary to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the biogeochemical processes involved in the incorporation of leachate in sediments to use this analysis as evidence for the illegal leachate discharge.