Biogeochemical transfer and dynamics of iodine in a soil–plant system

Radioactive iodide (¹²⁵I) is used as a tracer to investigate the fate and transport of iodine in soil under various leaching conditions as well as the dynamic transfer in a soil–plant (Chinese cabbage) system. Results show that both soils (the paddy soil and the sandy soil) exhibit strong retention capability, with the paddy soil being slightly stronger. Most iodine is retained by soils, especially in the top 10 cm, and the highest concentration occurs at the top most section of the soil columns. Leaching with 1–2 pore volume water does not change this pattern of vertical distributions. Early breakthrough and long tailing are two features observed in the leaching experiments. Because of the relatively low peak concentration, the early breakthrough is really not an environmental concern of contamination to groundwater. The long tailing implies that the retained iodine is undergoing slow but steady release and the soils can provide a low but stable level of mobile iodine after a short period. The enrichment factors of ¹²⁵I in different plant tissues are ranked as: root > stem > petiole > leaf, and the ¹²⁵I distribution in the young leaves is obviously higher than that in the old ones. The concentrations of ¹²⁵I in soil and Chinese cabbage can be simulated with a dual-chamber model very well. The biogeochemical behaviors of iodine in the soil-cabbage system show that cultivating iodized cabbage is an environmentally friendly and effective technique to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Planting vegetables such as cabbage on the ¹²⁹I-contaminated soil could be a good remediation technique worthy of consideration.     

NiCrAlYSi涂层对DZ125合金力学性能的影响

采用电弧离子镀技术在DZ125合金基体上制备出厚度约为30μm的NiCrAlYSi涂层,研究NiCrAlYSi涂层对DZ125合金拉伸、持久、疲劳性能的影响。结果表明：DZ125合金沉积NiCrAlYSi涂层后,980℃／235MPa高温持久寿命与基体合金相当,但持久断裂塑性有很大程度的提高;900℃高温拉伸强度σb、屈服强度σ0.2、延伸率δ和面缩率ψ与基体相比,基本保持不变;760℃／450MPa和900a℃／380MPa疲劳寿命与基体合金相当,即DZ125合金沉积NiCrAlYSi涂层后,对DZ125合金力学性能没有不利影响,满足工程化可靠使用要求。     

树脂吸附法处理硫化促进剂CA生产废水的研究

采用特种吸附树脂处理促进剂CA生产废水 ,系统地研究了废水的pH值、吸附温度及吸附流量等因素对树脂吸附性能的影响 ,以及以稀硫酸为脱附剂 ,其配比、流量、温度等对树脂脱附性能的影响。实验结果表明 ,特种吸附树脂对该废水具有良好的吸附 脱附效果 ,废水经吸附处理后 ,CODCr浓度由 2 0 0 0 0mg/L左右降至 30 0mg/L以下 ,CODCr去除率达98%以上。该工艺简单 ,运行稳定 ,操作简便 ,可望实现工业化。     

Optimal methods to determine the physical parameters for activated carbon adsorption

The objectives of this research were to examine the physical characteristics of activated carbons made of different materials, thereby suggest a preferable approach to obtaining the optimal estimation of the parameters for the activated carbons by the statistical techniques. After the appropriate pretreatments, the apparent and true densities of activated carbon, adsorption isotherms of argon, nitrogen and mercury, and the adsorptive capacity of benzene were determined by using the recommended approaches. The results showed that the shapes of hysteresis loop indicated that the pores were probably slit‐shaped or formed by plate‐like particles, which could be confirmed by the SEM examination. It was noted that the apparent density used for pore volume calculation presented a higher possibility of underestimation. Through the use of the statistical techniques, such as factor analysis (FA) and correspondence analysis (CA), the principal physical parameters on adsorption phenomena could be characterized. Finally, the optimal methods for obtaining the surface area and pore volume of activated carbons were suggested.     

Use of dimethyl sulfoxide as solubilization agent in the detection of 2,3,7,8-TCDD by radioimmunoassay

Immunoassays are potentially valuable tools for use in screening environmental samples for a broad range of contaminants, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs). The performance of the radioimmunoassay (RIA) for PCDDs was characterized using 4 solubilization systems: Cutscum, Triton, horse serum, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The DMSO based assay appeared to perform best at low 2,3,7,8-TCDD levels. The effects of assay incubation time and hapten storage conditions on the DMSO based assay were assessed. The separation of bound from unbound radioactivity was accelerated without adversely affecting assay performance. Further assay development through the use of an alternative labelled hapten is considered.     

Effects of the California graduated driver licensing program

PROBLEM: On July 1, 1998, in an effort to ameliorate the problem of high teenage driver crash rates, California implemented a graduated driver licensing system (GDLS). METHOD: Data on injury crashes of 16- and 17-year-old drivers from a pre-GDLS year were compared with data from two post-GDLS years. Per-capita crash rate ratios were adjusted for changes in crash rates of 25- to 34-year-old drivers, who were unaffected by the GDLS. Prevented numbers and 95% confidence intervals were estimated. RESULTS: Fatal or severe injury crash rates were significantly lower during each of the two post-GDLS years (adjusted rate ratios (RR)=0.72 and 0.83, for 2000 vs. 1997 and 2001 vs. 1997, respectively). Significant rate reductions were observed for all crash types, particularly for struck object (RR=0.71 and 0.80, for 2000 vs. 1997 and 2001 vs. 1997, respectively) and non-collision (RR=0.63 and 0.72, for 2000 vs. 1997 and 2001 vs. 1997, respectively). Minor injury crash rates were also lower during post-GDLS years (RR=0.87 and 0.90, for 2000 vs. 1997 and 2001 vs. 1997, respectively). Percent reductions were notably larger during the hours of the late night driving restriction (midnight-5 a.m.) (RR=0.79 and 0.87, for 2000 vs. 1997 and 2001 vs. 1997, respectively). SUMMARY: The implementation of the California GDLS was followed by large reductions in the rate of injury-producing motor-vehicle crashes. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: This evaluation supports previous evidence that GDLS is an effective countermeasure to adolescent motor-vehicle crashes and their associated injuries. States with a traditional licensing system may prevent adolescent driver crashes by adopting a GDLS. Future studies should examine factors that influence teenager compliance with GDLS provisions and identify approaches to improving compliance.     

CA-125 as a maternal serum marker for Down's syndrome in the first and second trimesters

CA-125, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) were determined in maternal serum in the first trimester from 14 women with a Down's syndrome fetus and 61 women with a healthy fetus. In the second trimester, 15 and 60 serum samples were determined from women with a Down's syndrome and a healthy fetus respectively. In both trimesters, maternal serum CA-125 was found to be elevated in Down's syndrome pregnancies compared with controls. Using discrimination functions, our preliminary results indicate that CA-125 is a better marker than AFP and HCG respectively for a Down's syndrome fetus in the first trimester and improves the detection rate in the second trimester.     

医院放射性免疫分析中的辐射环境影响及防护措施

本文介绍了医院放射性免疫分析的辐射环境影响,职业人员所接受的γ辐射年有效剂量,放射性废物的产生量和活度,放射性废物对环境的影响,放免分析中应采取的辐射防护措施和放射性废物的处理方法.     

铅对大鼠海马神经元瞬间外向钾电流和延迟整流钾电流的影响

利用全细胞膜片钳技术研究了铅对大鼠海马CA1区神经元瞬间外向钾电流(IA)和延迟整流(IK)的影响．结果表明，铅可浓度依赖地抑制IA和IK，半数抑制浓度分别为37μmol L^-1和30μmol L^-1．此外还与电压呈依赖关系．50μmol L^-1的Pb(Ac)2可非常显著地影响IA和IK的激活过程，还非常显著地影响IA的失活过程，使激活和失活曲线均右移．铅可抑制大鼠海马神经元的IA和IK，并改变IA和IK的激活和失活过程．这可能是铅损伤海马神经元的作用机制之一．图5参16     

过剩^210Pb年代学的多种计算模式的比较研究

简述了利用沉积物中过剩210Pb测定沉积物年代和沉积通量的几种常用方法:恒定比活度模式(CA)、稳恒放射性通量模式(CF)、阶段恒通量模式(PF)以及沉积物断面同位素法(SIT),探讨了不同的方法所适用的沉积物对象,并通过大亚湾柱样的数据分析发现CA、CF和PF三种模式的沉积年代和沉积通量存在着一定的差异:计算结果显示CA模式计算得出的年龄比CF和PF的结果小很多,而CF的沉积通量略大于PF的沉积通量.同时本文还讨论了210Pb的分析方法应该注意的问题以及对于测年结果的误差分析.