地震前兆资料减灾信息的综合开发

近一、二十年建立起来的地震前兆观测台网,不仅为地震预测预报提供了大量科学数据,而且蕴藏着丰富的减灾信息,有待我们去开发。综合观测、综合分析和综合预报是防灾减灾的必由之路。     

An analysis of the relationship between uncertainty-reducing exploration and resource taxation

This paper analyses the role of exploration as an uncertainty-reducing activity for a company facing resource taxation. Such exploration is of benefit, even to a risk-neutral company, because it enables a better decision to be made regarding extraction investment (Kretzer, 1994). This paper extends previous contributions to the economics of exploration in several areas which are of practical significance. First, exploration is analysed both in the context of a log-normally distributed resource deposit and of an ad valorem royalty. Second, the role of exploration in an ad valorem royalty regime is contrasted with that of a Resource Rent Tax. Finally, the relationship between exploration and resource taxation in situations of very divergent pre-exploration levels of uncertainty is considered.     

人工神经网络模型在石油资源预测中的应用

锦270井区大凌河油层是盆地大幅度沉降条件下的产物，以深陷湖环境为主，发育湖底扇浊积岩。准确预测大凌河油层的砂体分布和泥质含量，是勘探目标选择的关键。由于钻井资料少，不能反映储层横向变化。为了准确预测储层的横向变化，综合钻井地质资料和地震勘探资料，并为了反映地震资料的多个参数与储层横向变化间的非线性相关关系，采用人工神经网络模型进行预测，计算了大凌河油层砂层厚度和泥质含量的平面分布。依据计算结果，分析了有利油气区的分布，并给出了几点结论。     

石油勘探企业双重预防机制建设研究与实践

阐述了石油勘探企业贯彻落实"风险分级管控和隐患排查治理"双重预防机制的重要性和必要性,从双管齐下的工作机制,"关口前移"的工作要求,"关键环节"的工作落地等方面就深化落实双重预防机制提出了具体管控措施,为石油勘探企业构建安全生产长效机制,实现安全可持续发展、高质量发展提供有力借鉴。     

新一轮金属矿的勘查与开发

铁、铜等金属矿产是我国紧缺的矿产资源，探明的可采储量远不能满足冶金（有色）金属工业发展的需求，找矿又面临难度大与资金少两大困难，迎接新一轮找矿的挑战，一靠思维创新，二靠技术进步，三靠多渠道吸收勘探资金，本文就以上三方面作了论述。     

核探测技术在粤北下庄铀矿田找矿中的应用研究

对粤北下庄铀矿田希望矿床(330矿床)进行了土壤天然热释光、氡气和地面γ能谱三种核探测技术的测量工作,对它们在下庄花岗岩型铀矿田找矿中的应用效果进行了讨论,通过现场测量结果与地质研究成果的比较,初步总结出所测得的异常与矿体之间的空间关系。研究结果表明,这三种探测技术在花岗岩地区进行铀矿的"攻深找盲"有较佳效果。     

地下炸药震源物探作业对围隔养殖环境的影响评价

在盘锦海岸闲置虾池进行地下炸药震源物探作业对围隔养殖环境影响的模拟实验，并对围隔养殖水质、底质和生物做了影响评价。水质和沉积物监测表明，震前和震后无明显差异。文蛤死亡检验表明，震后未发现一粒文蛤死亡。电镜切片结果表明，震后2h 01号站腹足组织细胞线粒体结构出现轻微肿胀，腹足微绒毛的十二倍体结构出现增大、变形现象，震后48h 04号站腹足微绒毛的十二倍体结构出现增大、变形现象，内脏腺细胞结构完整、正常。地震影响的最大半径在44m以内。     

连续电磁剖面法在石油勘探中的应用

本文系统介绍了连续电磁剖面法的基本原理，野外数据采集，资料处理方法以及V5-2000系统的特点和性能。V5-2000系统采用卫星同步技术，确保电场和磁场同步采集，从而大大提高野外工作效率。此外，一方面，野外布极以电偶极子首尾相连的阵列形式覆盖整条剖面，密集采集多道电场，因此扩大信息量，可以较详细地反映地下介质的电性特征，另一方面，在资料处理时，采用低通滤波的方法，有效地压制了由于浅层电性不均匀给大地电磁资料带来的干扰，使解释更加可靠。准噶尔盆地、柴达木盆地、塔里木盆地的三个勘探实例说明了CEMP法已取得明显 的地质效果。     

Three-dimensional diffusion of non-sorbing species in porous sandstone: computer simulation based on X-ray microtomography using synchrotron radiation

The diffusion pathways of porous sandstone were examined by a three-dimensional (3-D) imaging technique based on X-ray computed tomography (CT) using the SPring-8 (Super Photon ring-8 GeV, Hyogo, Japan) synchrotron radiation facility. The analysis was undertaken to develop better understanding of the diffusion pathways in natural rock as a key factor in clarifying the detailed mechanism of the diffusion of radionuclides and water molecules through the pore spaces of natural barriers in underground nuclear waste disposal facilities. A cylindrical sample (diameter 4 mm, length 6 mm) of sandstone (porosity 0.14) was imaged to obtain a 3-D image set of 450(3) voxels=2.62(3) mm(3). Through cluster-labeling analysis of the 3-D image set, it was revealed that 89% of the pore space forms a single large pore-cluster responsible for macroscopic diffusive transport, while only 11% of the pore space is made up of isolated pores that are not involved in long-range diffusive transport. Computer simulations of the 3-D diffusion of non-sorbing random walkers in the largest pore cluster were performed to calculate the surface-to-volume ratio of the pore, tortuosity (diffusion coefficient in free space divided by that in porous rock). The results showed that (i) the simulated surface-to-volume ratio is about 60% of the results obtained by conventional pulsed-field-gradient proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) laboratory experiments and (ii) the simulated tortuosity is five to seven times larger than the results of laboratory diffusion experiments using non-sorbing I(-) and Br(-). These discrepancies are probably attributed to the intrinsic sample heterogeneity and limited spatial resolution of the CT system. The permeability was also estimated based on the NMR diffusometry theory using the results of the random walk simulations via the Kozeny-Carman equation. The estimated permeability involved an error of about 20% compared with the permeability measured by the conventional method, suggesting that the diffusometry-based NMR well logging with gradient coils is applicable to the in-situ permeability measurement of strata. The present study demonstrated that X-ray CT using synchrotron radiation is a powerful tool for obtaining 3-D pore structure images without the beam-hardening artifacts inevitable in conventional CT using X-ray tubes.     

焉耆盆地石油勘探开发低污染示范井位的研究

设计和建设低污染示范井位是敏感地区石油勘探开发重要的环保措施之一。结合焉耆盆地实际情况和油田开发的工艺特点,探讨了建立示范井位的程序和分类,根据开发生产过程可分为钻井、试油阶段的示范井位和采油生产阶段的示范井位;根据环境特点,又可分为三种类型进行建设,即农田区示范井位、湖滨区示范井位和盐碱荒地区示范井位。在建设示范井过程中,严格规范技术指标及有效性分析。通过类比调查结果表明：采油期间各种井下作业时产生的落地原油、废水等污染物基本可控制在井场范围以内,管理简单方便,实用性好,对周围环境无明显影响