响应面法优化Paraconiothyrium variabile GHJ-4产漆酶发酵条件

为提高子囊菌Paraconiothyrium variabile GHJ-4产漆酶的能力,采用响应面法对其发酵条件进行优化.首先用Plackett-Burman法筛选出4个影响较大的重要因素,分别为:接种量(X1)、培养时间(X2)、装样量(X3)和转速(X4).继而采用最陡爬坡路径逼近最大响应区域,并结合中心组合试验...     

珠江三角洲四种森林类型土壤CO_2通量特征研究

采用开路式土壤CO2通量测量系统Li-8100＆Li-8150对珠江三角洲地区尾叶桉（Eucalyptus urophylla）人工林、乡土树种恢复林、针阔叶混交林和常绿阔叶林4种林型的土壤CO2通量进行了观测。结果表明：4种森林类型年均土壤CO2通量为尾叶桉人工林（3.35μmol.m-2.s-1）〉针阔叶混交林（2.66μmol.m-2.s-1）〉乡土树种恢复林（2.09μmol.m-2.s-1）〉常绿阔叶林（1.86μmol.m-2.s-1）;旱季土壤CO2通量明显小于雨季。前3种森林类型凋落物呼吸处理表明,旱季对照组土壤CO2通量均小于相应的去除凋落物组、雨季则相反,全年的对比结果显示,3种森林类型的凋落物呼吸贡献分别达到1.3%、7.1%和10.8%。土壤CO2通量与10 cm土壤温度呈显著指数相关,且土壤CO2通量温度敏感指数表现为针阔叶混交林Q10最大（3.49）,尾叶桉人工林Q10最小（1.95）。     

Oxidation of Toluene on γ-Al2O3 Supported Copper–Manganese Catalysts

Abstract Catalytic incineration of toluene over γ-Al2O3-supported copper–manganese oxide catalysts in the temperature range of 433?K–553?K was investigated using a fixed-bed flow reactor. Catalysts were characterized using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy, temperature-programmed reduction, temperature-programmed oxidation, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Incineration of toluene was achieved at temperatures up to 553?K and it was found that the weight ratio of reactants (Cu:Mn) was optimized to be 15:10. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area results had no correlation with the activity of the catalysts. Results of temperature-programmed reduction/temperature-programmed oxidation and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the redox peak of the 15Cu-10Mn catalyst shifted at lower temperatures and the binding energy shifted toward higher oxidation levels. These results show that high binding energy and high redox capacity are the causes of...     

g-C3N4/Bi2S3复合物的制备及可见光催化降解MO

采用简单溶剂热方法成功合成可见光催化剂g-C_3N_4/Bi_2S_3.合理地利用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅立叶红外光谱分析仪(FTIR)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM、HRTEM)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)等表征手段对合成的样品进行了表征.与纯g-C_3N_4和Bi_2S_3相比,g-C_3N_4/Bi_2S_3复合物对甲基橙(MO)的可见光催化降解具有更高的降解效率.根据能带分析结果,电子-空穴对的有效分离增强了光催化效率.此外,提出了g-C_3N_4/Bi_2S_3对MO的光催化降解过程以阐明降解机制.提供了一种经济简单并易于规模化扩大开发可见光响应催化剂的方法,并在废水处理中具有潜在的应用价值.     

驯化矿化垃圾CH4氧化速率和N2O释放研究

利用畜禽废水驯化矿化垃圾,并将其与原生矿化垃圾和粘土对比,分析了土壤理化性质、含水率、温度等对CH4氧化能力和N2O释放的影响.研究表明:驯化矿化垃圾对CH4的氧化能力(15.48 μmol·g-·h-1)明显高于原生矿化垃圾和所选粘土土样;材料的粒径尺寸、有机质、氨氮硝化率及硝态氮生成率均与CH4氧化能力有着显著的正相关性;驯化矿化垃圾在加入蒸馏水后释放大量的N2O,产生N2O的量是原生矿化垃圾的2倍,并且比粘土高一个数量级.由于驯化矿化垃圾对环境的适应能力强,CH4氧化能力高,进而能够减少温室气体排放,可作为一种较为理想的填埋场覆土材料.     

Effect of Na+ impregnated activated carbon on the adsorption of NH4+-N from aqueous solution

Two kinds of activated carbons modified by Na+ impregnation after pre-treatments involving oxidation by nitric acid or acidification by hydrochloric acid (denoted as AC/N-Na and AC/HCl-Na, respectively), were used as adsorbents to remove NH4+-N. The surface features of samples were investigated by BET, SEM, XRD and FT-IR. The adsorption experiments were conducted in equilibrium and kinetic conditions. Influencing factors such as initial solution pH and initial concentration were investigated. A possible mechanism was proposed. Results showed that optimal NH4+-N removal efficiency was achieved at a neutral pH condition for the modified ACs. The Langmuir isotherm adsorption equation provided a better fit than other models for the equilibrium study. The adsorption kinetics followed both the pseudo second-order kinetics model and intra-particle kinetic model. Chemical surface analysis indicated that Na+ ions form ionic bonds with available surface functional groups created by pre-treatment, especially oxidation by nitric acid, thus increasing the removal efficiency of the modified ACs for NH4+-N. Na+-impregnated ACs had a higher removal capability in removing NH4+-N than unmodified AC, possibly resulting from higher numbers of surface functional groups and better intra-particle diffusion. The good fit of Langmuir isotherm adsorption to the data indicated the presence of monolayer NH4+-N adsorption on the active homogenous sites within the adsorbents. The applicability of pseudo second-order and intra-particle kinetic models revealed the complex nature of the adsorption mechanism. The intra-particle diffusion model revealed that the adsorption process consisted not only of surface adsorption but also intra-particle diffusion.     

硫酸盐/氨的厌氧生物转化试验研究

采用厌氧上流式生物膜反应器,通过控制不同的水力停留时间、进水n(NH+4-N)/n(SO2-4-S)和HCO-3浓度研究了无机营养条件下硫酸盐/氨的厌氧生物转化特性.结果表明,反应器中NH+4和SO2-4发生了同步去除,最大NH+4-N和SO2-4-S去除速率分别为47.6 mg·(L·d)-1和16.9 mg·(L·d)-1,稳定去除率最高分别超过了80%和43%;反应过程中有NO-3-N的明显生成,出水NO-3-N浓度最大时为77.6 mg·L-1,整个过程中,未检测到S2-的生成,有单质硫附着在生物污泥表面;由于控制条件的不同,会产生不同的n(NH+4-N)/n(SO2-4-S)转化比,表明NH+4和SO2-4的厌氧生物反应并不是简单地接续反应,反应器中存在更为复杂的反应过程和转化途径.     

Protein Metabolic Response to Carbon Tetrachloride in A Freshwater Fish, Sarotherodon Mossambicus

Exposure of a freshwater teleost, Sarotherodon mossambicus, to a sublethal concentration (26 ppm) of carbon tetrachloride for periods up to 30 days led to significant changes in the soluble protein fractions (albumin and globulins) and free amino acid content. the decrease in total protein content was greater in liver than in muscle. the protein loss was expected due to the impairement of protein synthetic activity during stress conditions.     

基于多个扩增子的DNA metabarcoding技术探究黄海微型真核浮游植物多样性

微型真核浮游植物是海洋生态系统中能量流动和物质循环的关键环节,对维持海洋生态系统的稳定发挥着关键的作用.本研究首次应用DNA metabarcoding技术探讨黄海微型真核浮游植物的物种组成及多样性,对比分析ITS、18S r DNA V4和18S r DNA V9扩增子条件下微型真核浮游植物的群落结构及多样性水平,并探讨了其多样性与温度、盐度的响应关系.结果表明:①基于ITS扩增子获得的微型真核浮游植物中绿藻门所占比例较高,而基于18S r DNA V4和18S r DNA V9扩增子获得的甲藻门相对丰度较高.②基于18S r DNA V9扩增子获得的微型真核浮游植物的ACE、Chao1、Shannon和Simpson指数较ITS和18S r DNA V4扩增子更高,而且其门、纲、目和科的数目较高.③黄海微型真核浮游植物的Shannon指数与温度呈现出显著正相关的关系(P 0. 01),而与盐度呈现出显著负相关的关系(P 0. 05).本研究通过对比不同扩增子条件下黄海微型真核浮游植物的群落结构及丰度特征,丰富了黄海微型真核浮游植物的认识,可为今后该海域微型真核浮游植物的生态学研究、生物多样性监测、生物资源动态变化及持续开发生产等方面的分析提供科学依据.     

磁性Fe3O4-CuO非均相活化过碳酸钠降解AO7

采用一步水热法合成了可磁性回收的Fe₃O₄-CuO材料并通过SEM-EDS和XRD进行表征.利用Fe₃O₄-CuO活化过碳酸盐（SPC）降解偶氮染料AO7,探究了Fe₃O₄-CuO投加量、SPC初始浓度、初始pH值和背景氯离子对Fe₃O₄-CuO/SPC体系降解AO7的影响,分析了体系的主要反应机理.实验结果表明,Fe₃O₄-CuO可以活化SPC降解AO7,反应随Fe₃O₄-CuO和SPC投加量的增加而加快,但过高的SPC投加量反而抑制AO7的降解.由于SPC的缓冲能力,该体系拥有广泛的pH适应能力且反应随着初始pH的升高而加快.染料废水中常见的Cl^-对AO7的降解有促进作用,Cl^-浓度越高降解速度越快.AO7的降解主要发生在材料表面,反应的主要活性物种为·OH,Fe₃O₄-CuO重复使用4次后依旧保持较高的催化活性体现了其良好的稳定性.该体系对AO7具有优异的脱色能力和较好的矿化效果.