"绿色会计"理论初探

由于自然资源的掠夺性开发和以牺牲环境为代价赚取经济利益最大化的现象还不同程度存在,使扣除经济活动中投入的环境成本后的国民生产总值--绿色GDP得到普遍关注.绿色会计是为保护生态环境而研究生态环境成本和价值、提供生态环境变化信息的环境会计,已越来越受到人们关注.文章就绿色会计概念、目标、主体、客体、科目设置及信息披露作为重点,进行了初步探讨.     

基于Maplnfo的项目排污可行性论证的研究与实践

Maplnfo是一种桌面GIS,功能非常强大。主要包括：地图输入、处理能力;关系型数据库功能;数据查询分析功能;多样化数据表达能力;功能齐全的系统开发工具;精美的地图输出功能;支持多种硬件操作平台;高精度的地图数据产品。该文重点运用Maplnfo的SQL查询功能,进行了建设项目排污可行性论证研究和实践,并实现了建设项目排污可行性论证的具体对象和可视化。     

磁性吸附材料CuFe2O4吸附砷的性能

根据Cu(Ⅱ)和Fe(Ⅲ)都对砷有较强的亲和性,制备了同时含有Cu(Ⅱ)和Fe(Ⅲ)的、可用磁分离方法进行分离回收的磁性吸附材料CuFe2O4,并对其进行了表征及吸附砷的性能研究.结果表明,该吸附剂对砷的吸附能力与溶液pH有关,在弱酸性及中性条件下,吸附砷的能力最强,而对As(V)的吸附能力比对As(Ⅲ)更强些,在平衡浓度为10μg/L时,其吸附容量可达10mg/g左右,可以很容易地将水中浓度为1～20mg/L的As(V)降到10μg/L以下.实验考察了几种无机阴离子对吸附砷的影响,表明较高浓度(砷浓度的20倍)的硫酸盐对As(Ⅲ)和As(V)的吸附均有一定影响,盐酸盐及磷酸盐则影响不明显;负载的As(V)可较容易地用0.1mol/L NaOH洗脱下来,使吸附剂再生,而As(Ⅲ)则难以洗脱,这与2种价态砷的吸附机理不同有关.     

Fetal urinary insulin-like growth factor I and binding protein 3 in bilateral obstructive uropathies

Fetal urinary concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (UIGF-I) and binding protein 3 (UIGFBP-3) were determined in patients with prenatal diagnosis of bilateral obstructive uropathy. Patients were retrospectively assigned to three groups, on the basis of outcome: group 1, termination of pregnancies (n = 11) with sonographic evidence of severe oligohydramnios or renal dysplasia, confirmed at histological examination; group 2, patients (n = 10) with postnatal plasma creatinine > 50 μmol/1 at the age of 1 year (1 yr-pCreat); and group 3, patients (n = 16) with 1 yr-pCreat ≤ μmol/1. The results show a significant increase in UIGF-I and UIGFBP-3 in groups 1 (18 159 ± 9083 pg/ml; 2657 ± 669 ng/ml) and 2 (1574 ± 847 pg/ml; 176 ± 50 ng/ml) in comparison with group 3 (35 ± 6 pg/ml; 21 ± 2 ng/ml). UIGF-I and UIGFBP-3 were significantly correlated with postnatal plasma creatinine, and were both sensitive (90 per cent; 80 per cent) and specific (88 per cent; 88 per cent) for prediction of elevated 1 yr-pCreat (>50 μmol/1). Fetal urinary IGF-I and IGFBP-3 are increased in severe fetal bilateral obstructive uropathy, possibly reflecting tubular dysfunction or/and increased synthesis consequent upon fetal kidney injury. Their predictive value for postnatal renal function needs further assessment.     

4—氯苯甲酸钠的光催化氧化降解及其影响因素

本试验采用P－25TiO2，光催化剂，对4－氯苯甲酸钠的光催化氧化降解及污染物初始浓度，催化剂投加量和入射光强等因素的影响进行了研究，研究发现污染物初始降解速率与其初始浓度的关系遵循Langmuir-Hinshelwood模式，其中半饱和浓度常数Ks不仅是催化剂和污染物种类的函数，而且也是入射光强的函数，催化剂投加量存在一限值，当低于此限值时，污染物降解速率由于催化剂浓度的不足受到影响而下降，当高于此限值时，污染物降解速率受催化剂投加量的影响变小，在本试验4－CBA－Na浓度为0.15-0.6mmol／L时该催化剂限值浓度大约为0.4g/L，在入射光强为1-7mW/cm^2和催化剂浓度为0.4g／L下，污染物降解速率与光强成0.67次幂关系，经估算其量子效率为6．3％。     

环境因素对芦苇湿地CH4排放的影响

用封闭式箱法对辽河三角洲芦苇湿地温室气体CH4 排放进行了长期观测 .结果表明 ,CH4 排放有明显的季节变化规律 ,平均通量为 52 0 μg·m- 2 ·h- 1.土壤产CH4 活性主要发生在 0～ 5cm土层中 ,并随土层深度的增加而显著下降 .CH4 排放受环境因素影响很大 ,土壤氧化还原电位在 -1 1 0mV时就有CH4 排放 ,其排放量随氧化还原电位的下降而增加 .另外 ,随着淹水深度的增加 ,CH4 排放反而减少 .在测定期内 ,CH4 排放与温度呈明显的正相关 (R2 =0 1 96,n =2 1 ,P <0 .0 5) .     

厦门西港和九龙江口浮游植物生化组成及其环境因子效应

厦门西港和九龙江口浮游植物碳水化合物与光强、盐度和叶绿素ａ均显著正相关，蛋白质与光强有负相关关系，脂类受光强的影响较小，蛋白质与碳水化合物之比与氮磷比显正相关。１０月该海域浮游植物叶绿素ａ与生化组分含量都比４月高，与１０月海水温度和海面辐照度较高有关     

利用XPS研究复合氧化物催化剂在汽车尾气净化中硫中毒及抗硫中毒机理

运用ＸＰＳ分析方法研究一系列复合氧化物催化剂中毒前后硫在其表面的各种形态及催化剂活性组分中毒前后的组成，价态，化学机理及其变化。结果表明，ＳＯ２在催化剂活性中心进行化学吸附，然后一部分ＳＯ２与活性组分生成相应的亚硫酸盐和硫酸盐，从而使催化剂失活。     

Comparison of UV-based advanced oxidation processes for the removal of different fractions of NOM from drinking water

This study examined the effectiveness for degradation of hydrophobic (HPO), transphilic (TPI) and hydrophilic (HPI) fractions of natural organic matter (NOM) during UV/H₂O₂, UV/TiO₂ and UV/K₂S₂O₈ (UV/PS) advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The changing characteristics of NOM were evaluated by dissolved organic carbon (DOC), the specific UV absorbance (SUVA), trihalomethanes formation potential (THMFP), organic halogen adsorbable on activated carbon formation potential (AOXFP) and parallel factor analysis of excitation–emission matrices (PARAFAC-EEMs). In the three UV-based AOPs, HPI fraction with low molecular weight and aromaticity was more likely to degradate than HPO and TPI, and the removal efficiency of SUVA for HPO was much higher than TPI and HPI fraction. In terms of the specific THMFP of HPO, TPI and HPI, a reduction was achieved in the UV/H₂O₂ process, and the higest removal rate even reached to 83%. UV/TiO₂ and UV/PS processes can only decrease the specific THMFP of HPI. The specific AOXFP of HPO, TPI and HPI fractions were all able to be degraded by the three UV-based AOPs, and HPO content is more susceptible to decompose than TPI and HPI content. UV/H₂O₂ was found to be the most effective treatment for the removal of THMFP and AOXFP under given conditions. C1 (microbial or marine derived humic-like substances), C2 (terrestrially derived humic-like substances) and C3 (tryptophan-like proteins) fluorescent components of HPO fraction were fairly labile across the UV-based AOPs treatment. C3 of each fraction of NOM was the most resistant to degrade upon the UV-based AOPs. Results from this study may provide the prediction about the consequence of UV-based AOPs for the degradation of different fractions of NOM with varied characteristics.     

昆明市机动车尾气排放控制水平分析

选择CO做研究对象，采用累积百分比法对4类机动车尾气排放水平进行分析，得出结论；昆明市机动车总体排放控制水平较低，须改进和完善现行的检测／维护制度，应考虑加快车辆的更新换代和微车电喷化。