重庆南山马尾松林衰亡与大气污染关系的讨论

重庆市南郊的南山是一个风景区,有林地约二万七千余亩,主要是马尾松林(Pinusmassoniana Lamb.),自八十年代起明显出现衰亡现象,目前约有85％马尾松植株受到不同程度的伤害,死亡率达35％左右.马尾松出现的症状是针尖坏死,针叶提早脱落,针长变短,树冠稀疏,枝条枯死,径向生长变弱等.     

Effect of sorbed and desorbed Zn(Ⅱ) on the growth of a green alga (Chlorella pyrenoidosa)

Toxic effect of Zn(Ⅱ)on a green alga(ChloreUa pyrenoidosa)in the presence of sepiolite and kaolinite was investigated.The Zn-free clays were found to have a negative impact on the growth of C.pyrenoidosa in comparison with control samples(without adding any clay or Zn(Ⅱ)).When Zn(Ⅱ)was added,the algae in the presence of clays could be better survived than the control samples,which was actually caused by a decrease in Zn(Ⅱ)concentration in the solution owing to the adsorption of Zn(Ⅱ)on the clays.When the solution system was diluted,the growth of algae could be further inhibited as compared to that in a system which had the same initial Zn(Ⅱ)concentration as in the diluted system.This in fact resulted from desorption of Zn(Ⅱ)from the zinc-contaminated clays,although the effect varied according to the different desorption capabilities of sepiolite and kaolinite.Therefore the adsorption and desorption processes of Zn(Ⅱ)played an important part in its toxicity,and adsorption and desorption of pollutants on soils/sediments should be well considered in natural eco-environmental systems before their risk of toxicity to aquatic organisms was assessed objectively.     

纳米TiO_2-CS微球光催化降解亚甲基兰的研究

将用化学方法改性后的纳米TiO2与壳聚糖(CS)共混,通过反相悬浮、交联制备了纳米TiO2-CS微球光催化剂,以亚甲基兰为对象,紫外灯为光源,研究了亚甲基兰的初始浓度、光照时间、不同pH值、纳米TiO2的含量、催化剂用量对亚甲基兰光降解率的影响。结果表明:纳米TiO2-CS微球能显著地降解亚甲基兰,且易于回收、能重复使用,为其实际应用提供了有价值的参数。     

工业废气污染状况与脱硫除尘技术

对工业废气污染状况进行分析讨论,综述了工业废气的多种脱硫除尘技术。并指出应选择脱硫除尘效率高,运转可靠,不产生二次污染的方法。     

壳聚糖/PVA微粒上Cu2+的吸附平衡与动力学

采用粒径＜200μm、在酸碱介质中溶胀率小且能稳定存在的壳聚糖/PVA微粒对Cu2+的吸附进行了研究,结果表明,在pH 6,室温条件下,其饱合吸附量达56.0mg/g,随温度升高,吸附量降低.通过计算不同温度下各热力学参数△G0、△H0和△S0,证实该吸附为自发的放热过程.对实验数据运用相关数学模型拟合,显示等温吸附平衡符合Langmuir模型,吸附过程动力学更适合二级反应,被吸附在壳聚糖/PVA微粒上的Cu2+,可被0.01mo/L的EDTS或HNO3溶液快速地脱附出来,其洗脱率分别为85.3%和65.9%.     

纳米TiO_2光催化降解酸性红B的实验研究

采用偶联剂法在聚丙烯多面球表面负载化纳米TiO2,在高压汞灯照射下,以酸性红B染料为研究对象,采用光催化氧化法进行降解处理;研究了溶液初始浓度、H2O2和Fe3+投加量、pH以及光照强度等因素对酸性红B染料降解效果的影响。     

天津市环境空气SO2污染现状及分析

天津环境空气SO2的年均浓度始终超过国家二级标准。年均浓度超标主要因为采暖期SO2浓度过高所至，采暖期SO2平均浓度是非采暖期浓度的3倍左右；在2002--2005年的三个采暖期里，SO2污染逐年加重，导致了年均SO2浓度的逐年升高。天津SO2污染与采暖期增多的低烟囱排放、不利的气象条件有关，也与流动源的隐性排放、能源利用效率低下有关。结合天津经济发展速度、每年煤耗增量、现有环境治理手段来做预测，空气SO2浓度要在未来几年内达到国家二级标准仍是不可能的。     

Heterojunctioned CuO/Cu2O catalyst for highly efficient ozone removal

In recent years, near surface ozone pollution, has attracted more and more attention, which necessitates the development of high efficient and low cost catalysts. In this work, CuO/Cu₂O heterojunctioned catalyst is fabricated by heating Cu₂O at high temperature, and is adopted as ozone decomposition catalyst. The results show that after Cu₂O is heated at 180°C conversion of ozone increases from 75.2% to 89.3% at mass space velocity 1,920,000 cm³/(g·hr) in dry air with 1000 ppmV ozone, which indicates that this heterojunction catalyst is one of the most efficient catalysts reported at present. Catalysts are characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, which confirmed that the heterojunction promotes the electron transfer in the catalytic process and creates more defects and oxygen vacancies in the CuO/Cu₂O interfaces. This procedure of manufacturing heterostructures would also be applicable to other metal oxide catalysts, and it is expected to be more widely applied to the synthesis of high-efficiency heterostructured catalysts in the future.     

Adsorption and correlation with their thermodynamic properties of triazine herbicides on soils

IntroductionAdsorptionofherbicidesonsoilfromwaterisanimportantfactoraffectingtheirfate,biologicalactivity,andpersistenceinsoil watersystem .Itisoftenaffectedbyseveralpropertiesofsoil.Betterunderstandingofadsorptionanditsaffectingfactorswillmakeitpossibletoadjusttheherbicidedosageaccordingtosoilproperties,thusreducingtheenvironmentalpollutionofherbicidesintheenvironment.Fig .1　StructuresofthreetriazineherbicidesAmongthepost emergentherbicides,triazineherbicidesaremostcommonlyusedworldwideonco…     

太湖水-气界面CO2交换通量观测研究

基于2003-01～2005-06利用静态箱法对太湖水-气界面CO₂交换通量的观测,对太湖水-气界面交换通量的变化特征进行了分析研究.结果表明:太湖水-气界面CO₂交换通量存在明显的日变化,春、夏、秋、冬4季日平均通量分别为-0.79mg/(m²·h)、-4.89 mg/(m²·h)、-4.06 mg/(m²·h)和-2.56 mg/(m²·h),太湖均是CO₂的汇.一般污染越重的区域,CO₂通量值越大.藻型湖区水-气界面CO₂交换通量季节变化不明显,草型湖区水-气界面CO₂交换通量季节变化很明显,夏秋季高,冬春季低.CO₂通量变化的可能相关因子还有天气情况、太阳辐射、风速及水温、pH、TA、Chla、TC、TN和TP等.