大辽河口和辽东湾海域水质溶解氧与COD、无机氮、磷及初级生产力的关系

22个点位监测结果表明,大辽河口及辽东湾海域溶解氧与COD、无机氮、活性磷酸盐之间存在负相关关系;与初级生产力之间无明显的相关性;经过地理信息系统测算,该水域低氧区范围约为60~80平方公里。     

氯气校正法测定高氯废水中化学需氧量方法的改进

高氯废水中化学需氧量的测定通常采用氯气校正法,该方法消除了氯离子对CODcr.测定的影响,但在实践中发现这种方法对测定结果仍可产生正误差.如果采用含氯空白校正的方法进行测试,结果表明相对误差在0.1%～1.1%之间,加标回收率为102%～105%,可提高方法的准确度.     

COD测定方法的改进及银的回收

利用浓硫酸的高沸点及氯化氢挥发性的特点,以H2SO4∶AgCl(重量比)=3 5∶1,在加热的条件下制备硫酸银,反应时间约需半小时;以硫酸银在Ag2SO4∶Cl-(重量比)≥40∶1的条件下掩蔽氯离子干扰,其误差与标准法相比小于3%。     

Effects of COD/N ratio and DO concentration on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in an airlift internal circulation membrane bioreactor

The effects of chemical oxygen demand and nitrogen(COD/N)ratio and dissolved oxygen concentration(DO)on simultaneous nitrification and denitrification(SND)were investigated using an airlift internal circulation membrane bioreactor(AIC-MBR)with synthetic wastewater.The results showed that the COD efficiencies were consistently greater than 90% regardless of changes in the COD/N ratio.At the COD/N ratio of 4.77 and 10.04,the system nitrogen removal efficiency became higher than 70%.However,the nitrogen rem...     

CTL-12型化学需氧量测定仪应用研究

采用CTL-12型化学需氧量测定仪测定CODCr,并与传统的重铬酸钾法比较。实验结果表明,该仪器适用于多种废水、不同浓度CODCr的测定,具有准确、简便、快速等特点。     

Use of artificial neural network black-box modeling for the prediction of wastewater treatment plants performance

A reliable model for any wastewater treatment plant is essential in order to provide a tool for predicting its performance and to form a basis for controlling the operation of the process. This would minimize the operation costs and assess the stability of environmental balance. This process is complex and attains a high degree of nonlinearity due to the presence of bio-organic constituents that are difficult to model using mechanistic approaches. Predicting the plant operational parameters using conventional experimental techniques is also a time consuming step and is an obstacle in the way of efficient control of such processes. In this work, an artificial neural network (ANN) black-box modeling approach was used to acquire the knowledge base of a real wastewater plant and then used as a process model. The study signifies that the ANNs are capable of capturing the plant operation characteristics with a good degree of accuracy. A computer model is developed that incorporates the trained ANN plant model. The developed program is implemented and validated using plant-scale data obtained from a local wastewater treatment plant, namely the Doha West wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). It is used as a valuable performance assessment tool for plant operators and decision makers. The ANN model provided accurate predictions of the effluent stream, in terms of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) when using COD as an input in the crude supply stream. It can be said that the ANN predictions based on three crude supply inputs together, namely BOD, COD and TSS, resulted in better ANN predictions when using only one crude supply input. Graphical user interface representation of the ANN for the Doha West WWTP data is performed and presented.     

主压缩沉降阶段垃圾填埋体渗透特性研究

针对垃圾填埋体的研究主要集中在降解及垃圾渗滤液处理,而其渗透特性研究不足的现状,选取处于4种压力状况下的垃圾填埋体,对其主压缩沉降阶段渗透特性进行室内物理试验,结合试验数据对垃圾填埋体渗透性能变化规律进行分析研究.结果表明,4种压力状况下垃圾填埋体试验测定分析符合达西定律,其COD变化处于产酸阶段,对渗透性能的影响可以不予考虑;在此基础上,对垃圾渗透系数计算表明,处于主压缩沉降阶段内,除没有施加压力状况下垃圾填埋体渗透性能变化规律与其他试验表现不尽相同外,其他垃圾填埋体渗透系数变化大致符合自然指数规律,而4种压力状态下的垃圾填埋体渗透系数数值均在10~(-4.5)～10~(-5.3) m·s~(-1)的范围内,与典型垃圾渗透系数的代表值相一致.     

新鲜渗滤液与长填埋龄渗滤液的Fenton处理过程特征

以新鲜渗滤液和长填埋龄渗滤液为对象,采用Fenton法对其进行处理,通过相对分子质量（M_r）分布、COD、总有机碳（TOC）、COD/TOC等表征手段,比较分析渗滤液性质对Fenton处理效果的影响.结果表明,长填埋龄渗滤液的有机物平均M_r高于新鲜渗滤液,其M_r>105的组分占到了总量的64%,但在Fenton法作用下其更易转化为可溶性小分子有机质（M_r<10³）;新鲜渗滤液的COD去除率(61%～84%)高于长填埋龄渗滤液(31%～60%),而长填埋龄渗滤液的TOC去除率(85%～91%)高于新鲜渗滤液(52%～80%);无论是处理新鲜渗滤液还是难降解的长填埋龄渗滤液,Fenton法的氧化作用对COD去除的贡献均大于絮凝作用.絮凝作用的COD（COD_coag）去除率受氧化作用的COD（COD_oxid）去除率影响,COD_oxid去除率越大,COD_coag去除率越低;物料平衡结果显示,长填埋龄渗滤液的TOC_oxid去除量大于COD_oxid去除量,而新鲜渗滤液的的TOC_oxid去除量小于COD_oxid去除量;长填埋龄渗滤液和新鲜渗滤液的初始COD/TOC分别为1.17和1.58,在Fenton处理的氧化作用下,COD/TOC分别变为1.96和0.68,表明长填埋龄渗滤液发生的是完全氧化,而新鲜渗滤液同时发生了部分氧化和完全氧化;2种渗滤液的COD_coag和TOC_coag变化说明,长填埋龄渗滤液中受絮凝作用去除的有机物的氧化态明显低于新鲜渗滤液.     

酵母菌处理系统中氮缺乏引起的污泥膨胀控制

研究了酵母菌处理色拉油加工废水系统中投加氮源对处理效果的影响及对污泥膨胀的恢复作用批量实验结果表明:①添加氮源有助于提高去除效果,碳氮比(COD/N)为50/1～20/1的条件下,油去除率最高,达90%以上;②添加氮源能够改善污泥沉降性,COD/N比为50/1、20/1时污泥沉降性明显优于100/1、200/1和不加氮的条件.连续试验中按COD/N为20/1添加氮源,污泥体积指数(SVI)稳定在100～200,油和COD去除率分别达95%和90%以上.氮缺乏色拉油加工废水中添加氮源是控制污泥膨胀的有效方法之一.     

催化快速分光光度法测定水体中COD

选用催化快速分光光度法测定水中ＣＯＤ，是目前国内外在微量分析测定方法中较先进的分析方法，优点是仪器，设备简便，操作简单，分析快速，成本低，节省大量化学试剂，方法的空白值较好，精密度较高，测定的标准偏差为１．４，回收率达９５％以上。