廊坊市COD、SO2排放总量分析及其控制对策

通过对廊坊市2008年环境统计数据中主要污染物COD、SO2排放规律的科学分析,提出改善环境的对策与建议。     

廊坊市污水处理厂COD在线监测系统的应用研究

随着我国经济建设的飞速发展和人们环保意识的增强,在线监测技术开始应用于污水处理厂的水质监测。本文以廊坊市污水处理厂COD水质在线监监测仪为例说明COD水质在线监测仪在控制污水处理厂出水水质上的意义。     

锦州市地表水环境质量状况调查与分析

介绍了锦州市地表水河流的大致分布,以大、小凌河为重点阐述近10a水体中主要污染因子的浓度变化状况,并根据水体纳污情况对其浓度变化原因进行分析。     

蚊虫驱避剂(DEET)生产废水处理研究

蚊虫驱避剂(DEET)生产废水属高浓度有机废水。论文用三种方法(Fenton试剂氧化法、活性炭吸附法和二者组合法)对该种废水进行处理,寻找合适的处理方法,以达国家排放标准。处理效果显示,组合法效果最佳:用活性炭吸附,用量10g/L,在25℃条件下振荡60min;再用Fenton试剂氧化,FeSO4·7H2O的投加量为30g/L,H2O2溶液的投加量为40mL/L,在25℃条件下振荡80min,COD去除率为91.3%,可达国家三级排放标准。     

混合呼吸仪同时表征废水RBCOD和SBCOD组分

利用自行开发的混合呼吸仪,对来自重庆某城市污水处理厂进水和活性污泥混合液进行了呼吸速率测量,得到包含RDCOD和SBCOD降解过程OUR和内源呼吸过程OUR的全呼吸速率曲线.根据所得OUR曲线所表现出的两阶段性特点,以水解模型解析SBCOD的OUR曲线,结合Mann-Kendall趋势检验法解析内源OUR,提出一种呼吸速率测量法同时表征废水中RBCOD和SBCOD的新方法.与传统的OUR台阶法相比,该方法减少了人为误差,能够提高废水COD组分表征的准确性.     

Disruption of biofilms from sewage pipes under physical and chemical conditioning

Biofilms grown inside two sewage collecting pipes located in industrial and residential areas are studied. Bacterial biomass inside three layers of biofilms was evaluated. Biofilm cohesion under different mixing rate and ionic strength was also investigated. Effects of physical and chemical parameters in the biofilms were evaluated by monitoring turbidity, chemical and biochemical oxygen demands. Extracted organic matter from biofilms was partitioned to polar, aromatic and saturated fractions using activated silica column chromatography. Results revealed that bacterial biomass growth depending on biofilm thickness and stratification. The most loaded stratum in bacterial biomass was the sewage-biofilm interface stratum that represented 51% of the total bacterial biomass. Stirring rate and ionic strength of mono and bivalent salts showed a major influence in biofilm disruption. The stirring time enhanced the exchange dynamic and matter capture between biofilm fragments at the critical stirring rate 90 r/min. Sodium chloride showed the dispersing effect on biofilms in suspension, and decreased the BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand) beyond the physiological salt concentration.     

溶胶-凝胶掺杂铁对微弧氧化TiO_2膜光催化性能影响

以磷酸钠为电解液,采用微弧氧化技术在钛片上直接制备TiO2膜,利用溶胶-凝胶法和硝酸铁掺杂方法对该膜表面进行修饰处理,以罗丹明B溶液模拟废水来评价TiO2膜光催化降解水中有机污染物的能力。利用EDX对微弧氧化膜表面成分进行分析。实验结果表明:微弧氧化TiO2膜具有一定的光催化活性。溶胶-凝胶法负载TiO2且硝酸铁掺杂处理后可以使铁离子进入微弧氧化TiO2负载膜,改善膜的光催化性能。溶胶-凝胶法负载TiO2膜对废水的光催化降解效率由13.8%提高到42.5%;铁离子掺杂1%可以使负载TiO2膜对废水的光催化效率由42.5%提高到68.9%。     

Effect of substrate COD/N ratio on performance and microbial community structure of a membrane aerated biofilm reactor

Two parallel carbon-membrane aerated biofilm reactors were operated at well-defined conditions to investigate the e ect of substrate COD/N ratios on the performance and microbial community structure of the bioreactor. Results showed that at substrate COD/N of 5, organic and nitrogen could be eliminated simultaneously, and COD removal degree, nitrification and denitrification e ciency reached 85%, 93% and 92%, respectively. With increasing substrate COD/N ratios, the specific oxygen utilization rates of nitrifying bacteria in biofilm were found to decrease, indicating that nitrifying population became less dominant. At substrate COD/N ratio of 6, excessive heterotrophs inhibited the activity of nitrifying bacteria greatly and thus led to poor nitrification process. With the help of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira were identified as dominant ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the biofilm at substrate COD/N of 0, whereas only Nitrosospira were detected in the biofilm at COD/N ratio of 5. Nitrospira were present as dominant nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in our study. Confocal laser scanning microscopy images revealed that at substrate COD/N ratio of 0 nitrifying bacteria existed throughout the biofilm and that at COD/N ratio of 5 they were mainly distributed in the inner layer of biofilm.     

复级电催化氧化处理乌洛托品废水的研究

采用复级电催化电氧化法处理含乌洛托品废水,研究了pH值、反应时间、电极间距离、极板电压等因素对乌洛托品废水去除效果的影响,确定了最佳的处理条件,结果表明：当进水pH值为5～6、反应时间120 m in、槽电压为15V、极板间距为5 cm时,COD去除率达80%以上,复级电催化氧化技术可用于处理乌洛托品废水,有效降低后续的生化处理负荷。     

改性沸石去除工业乳化废水中COD的研究

采用10%HCl浸渍处理后改性沸石处理工业乳化废水。试验结果表明,改性沸石处理工业乳化废水的优化条件为：最佳粒径0.074 mm～0.10 mm,改性沸石与乳化废水的质量比4：100,搅拌时间40 min,静置时间60 min;该优化条件下,改性沸石对工业乳化废水的COD去除率达83%～85%,效果优于聚铁。