Chemical characteristics of road dust PM2.5 fraction in oasis cities at the margin of Tarim Basin

In order to understand the compositions characteristics of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM_2.5) fraction in road dust (RD_2.5) of oasis cities on the edge of Tarim Basin, 30 road dust (RD) samples were collected in Kashi, Cele, and Yutian in the spring, 2018, and RD_2.5 was collected using the resuspension approach. Eight water-soluble ions, 39 trace elements and 8 fractions of carbon-containing species in PM_2.5 were analyzed. Ca²⁺ and Ca were the most abundant ions and elements in RD_2.5 (7.1% and 9.5%). Cl^- in RD_2.5 was affected not only by attributed to saline-alkali soils in oasis cities of the Tarim Basin and dust from Taklimakan Desert but also by human activities. Moreover, the organic carbon/elemental carbon (OC/EC) ratio indicated that carbon components in RD_2.5 in Cele town mainly come from fossil fuel combustion, while those in Yutian and Kashi mainly come from biomass combustion. It is noteworthy that high Ca in RD_2.5 was seriously affected by anthropogenic emissions, and high Na and K contents in RD_2.5 could be derived from soil and desert dust. It was estimated that Cd, Tl, Sn and Cr were emitted from anthropogenic emissions using the enrichment factor. The coefficients of divergence (COD) result indicated that the influence of local emission on road dust emission is greater than that of long-distance transmission. This study is the first time to comprehensively analyze the chemical characteristics of road dust in oasis cities, and the results provides the sources of road dust at the margin of Tarim Basin.     

CeO2形貌结构对催化湿式空气氧化苯酚性能的影响

采用水热法、沉淀法和溶胶凝胶法制备了3种不同形貌的CeO₂催化材料,并将其用于湿式空气氧化苯酚水溶液过程中,探讨了CeO₂形貌结构对催化湿式氧化苯酚水溶液性能的影响.采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、程序升温还原（TPR）等手段对CeO₂催化材料进行了表征.结果表明,水热法制备的CeO₂催化材料表现出较好催化性能,主要原因是水热法合成的CeO₂呈现交错的纳米棒状结构,主要暴露（220）晶面,且沿着（220）晶向生长.在反应温度为200℃、空气压力为2MPa、苯酚初始浓度500mg/L的条件下,最终（240min）COD的去除率为95.5%.     

反舰导弹命中精度预测与评估

目的解决反舰导弹命中精度受试验航区及靶场试验环境等客观条件制约,难以通过飞行试验得到客观全面评估的问题。方法在对影响反舰导弹命中精度的主要因素进行分析的基础上,利用实际环境条件下的飞行试验数据,构建基于偏最小二乘回归的命中精度模型,实现对反舰导弹各种使用环境条件命中精度的定量评估。结果在构建基于偏最小二乘回归的命中精度模型后,可以实现对90°发射扇面角、20 m/s侧风以及300 km最大射程等实际试验无法考核的边界使用环境条件下反舰导弹的命中精度进行定量评估。结论通过实例分析表明了方法的有效性和可行性,可以实现有小样本条件下对反舰导弹命中精度的评估。     

C OD在线分析仪比对中应注意的问题

分析了COD在线分析仪和实验室比对结果人为差异的原因是样品不均匀,在线分析仪取样装置滤过,取样层面和采样方式以及沉淀消除的方法不同造成的.提出应在相同的地点、层面和同一容器取样,用相同沉淀消除方法去除样品中氯离子干扰,保证两方法比对中使用水样的一致均匀,使测试结果正确可信.     

Estimating Trophic State Proportions of a Regional Lake Population: Are Larger Samples Always Better?

During the summers of 1991–1994, the Environmental Monitoringand Assessment Program (EMAP) sampled 344 lakes throughout thenortheastern United States using a proportional stratified sampling design based on lake size. Approximately one-quarter ofthe 344 lakes were sampled each year (4 years) for totalphosphorus to determine the proportion (and associated95% confidence intervals) of the northeast lake population 1ha (11,076 ± 1,699 lakes) that was in oligotrophic,mesotrophic, eutrophic, or heupereutropic (4 classes) conditionaccording to the total phosphorus criteria of the North AmericaLake Manegement Society. Estimates for the second, third, andfourth yr were developed as cumulative of the previous yrsamples and the current yr samples for the northeast as a wholeand for each of its three ecoregions (4 regions). New confidence intervals were computed for each cumulative yrcondition estimate. This produced a total (4 years × 4classes × 4 regions) of 64 cumulative yr tropic conditionestimates. Confidence intervals for 21% of these estimates didnot shorten with increased sample size. This phenomena raisedquestions about the accuracy of estimates based on cumulativesampling procedures. We explain why and how the phenomenon comesabout with both straight random and proportional randomsampling. Further, we present an example of the effects thisphenomenon has on lake tropic state condition estimates in thenortheastern United States.     

CODMn重新稀释取样体积的推定

对原CODMn法测地表水二次取样体积进行了推导，建立了实际适用取样体积公式，具有一定的适用性。     

乙酸型顶极群落的内平衡与反馈调节机制研究

通过产酸脱硫反应器处理高浓度硫酸盐有机废水的连续流试验，从“动态”角度考察COD／SO4^2-比改变引起的pH值、氧化还原电位（ORP）、碱度（ALK）和末端产物（VFAs）等的变动及生态因子的叠加效应引发的优势种群变迁，分析了乙酸型顶极群落的稳定性及其发生定向性生态演替的规律，进而阐明了乙酸型顶极群落抵抗环境压力的内平衡与反馈调节机制，并指出乙酸型代谢和乙酸型顶极群落是产酸脱硫生态系统的典型特征。     

催化快速法测定COD_(Cr)定量下限的研究

催化快速法测定CODCr是我国目前环境监测中普遍使用的最快速、简便、可靠的方法 ,该法的检测范围是 60～ 1 0 0 0mg/l,我们经过研究测出催化快速法的定量下限为 1 0mg/l,扩大了该法的应用范围。     

鞍钢外排废水COD的测定及统计分析

运用等污染负荷法，对鞍钢外排废水COD进行了统计分析，确定主要污染，并对如何治理提出了建议。     

生物质气化洗焦废水的预处理和微生物降解

为了对生物质气化洗焦废水进行深度处理,达到废水排放标准,采用物理过滤和微生物降解相结合的方法,对洗焦废水的原液进行处理。实验结果表明,用木屑、颗粒活性碳、微生物降解的连续步骤处理生物质气化洗焦废水,可达到理想的生物质气化洗焦废水COD的去除效果。