COD/SO_4~(2-)值对硫酸盐废水厌氧消化的影响

采用间歇试验方式,研究了COD/SO_4~(2-)值对硫酸盐废水厌氧消化的影响。试验结果表明,COD/SO_4~(2-)值是影响厌氧消化处理效果的主要参数。本试验中,COD/SO_4~(2-)>15,硫酸盐还原作用对厌氧反应器影响甚微;COD/SO_4~(2-)=5—15时,硫酸盐还原作用对厌氧反应器产生轻度抑制,相对产甲烷率为79.2％—94.7％;COD/SO_4~(2-)=0.5—5时,反应器受中度抑制,相对产甲烷率为61.6％—79.2％;COD/SO_4~(2-)<0.5时,反应器受严重抑制。COD/SO_4~(2-)≥1时,相对产甲烷率与COD/SO_4~(2-)值之间有很好的线性关系。     

煤加压气化废水的催化湿式氧化处理

在2L高压釜中进行了催化湿式氧化处理煤气化废水(含酚7866mg/L,COD22928mg/L)的研究。在反应温度178—236℃、氧分压9.8×10~5—29.4×10~5Pa条件下,评价了几种金属盐催化剂,硝酸铜以及它与氯化亚铁的混合物显示出高的氧化催化活性。在合理的处理时间内,酚、CN~-、S~(2-)去除率近100％;COD降低65—90％;多环芳烃类有明显净化效果。考察了COD降低与时间的关系。结果表明,氧化反应有快速与缓慢反应两步,反应速率均与COD值呈一次方关系。氧分压对催化湿式反应速率的影响远低于温度的影响。     

云南省数字化高精度水温异常特征与映震效能

本文应用云南省“95计划”期间改造过的14个数字化高精度水温资料,对数字化改造前后的资料进行对比研究,分析其异常特征及映震效能。结果表明,数字化改造后观测质量有所提高,信息量更大,对应云南地区5级以上中强地震的能力较好。     

Validity and consistency assessment of accident analysis methods in the petroleum industry

Background. Accident analysis is the main aspect of accident investigation. It includes the method of connecting different causes in a procedural way. Therefore, it is important to use valid and reliable methods for the investigation of different causal factors of accidents, especially the noteworthy ones. Objective. This study aimed to prominently assess the accuracy (sensitivity index [SI]) and consistency of the six most commonly used accident analysis methods in the petroleum industry. Methods. In order to evaluate the methods of accident analysis, two real case studies (process safety and personal accident) from the petroleum industry were analyzed by 10 assessors. The accuracy and consistency of these methods were then evaluated. The assessors were trained in the workshop of accident analysis methods. Results. The systematic cause analysis technique and bowtie methods gained the greatest SI scores for both personal and process safety accidents, respectively. The best average results of the consistency in a single method (based on 10 independent assessors) were in the region of 70%. Conclusion. This study confirmed that the application of methods with pre-defined causes and a logic tree could enhance the sensitivity and consistency of accident analysis.     

COD快速消解法测定高含氯废水的探讨

介绍了运用快速消解法测定含高氯废水中COD的研究,通过HgSO4.络合法,对含高氯水样辅以稀释法,从而消除氯离子的干扰.针对Cl-/COD≤20的水样,具有较好的准确度和精密度.     

天津城市化进程中COD减排污染防治分析

以北方典型大城市-天津为例,阐述了天津市城市化现状,利用主成份分析方法计算了城市化综合指数,运用回归模型对城市化和工业废水排放量进行耦合分析,指出了城市化进程中工业COD减排的主要驱动力。结果表明：自2003年至2005年,天津城市化与水污染处于加速阶段的拮抗期,工业COD污染随着城市化进程恶化。加大第三产业比重,相应减小第二产业比重是今后天津需要政策性引致的主要方向,它将对工业废水污染负荷的削减起着非常明显的驱动作用。     

江苏省人口数据空间离散化研究及其精度分析

针对传统人口数据表达方法在表达人口空间分布上的不足,设计了人口数据离散化模型,通过分析人口数据与土地覆被信息之间的关系,将分县统计的人口数据分配到空间1 km×1 km栅格单元上。在江苏省的研究表明,利用该方法能获得比较高的精度。基于离散化后的人口数据,发现江苏省人口空间分布有两大特点：(1)人口分布自城市中心向城市外围由密集渐变为分散;(2)苏南的城市人口规模显著大于苏中和苏北,苏南、苏中、苏北三大区域的人口城镇化水平呈现由高到低排列。江苏省人口空间分布的上述特点与江苏省三大区域的经济发展状况及各个区域的城镇化水平相一致。离散化后生成的1 km×1 km栅格人口数据,能够精确表达人口分布的区域差异,可以作为制订资源开发、环境规划、区域发展战略等重要参考依据。     

Removal of textile dyes from water by the electro-Fenton process

An environmentally friendly electrochemical treatment, electro-Fenton process, was applied to the depollution of a synthetic dismissal composed of three dyes, yellow drimaren, congo red and methylene blue, frequently used in textile and dyehouses. Here, we show that those dyes and their mixture are quickly degraded under current controlled electrolysis conditions, leading to an almost complete mineralization. The results show the efficiency of electro-Fenton process to quickly degrade aqueous effluents polluted by synthetic organic dyes.     

Modeling and interpreting the accuracy assessment error matrix for a doubly classified map

This paper considers two maps having the same spatial extent and the same mapping categories but where each map is subject to classification error. An overlay of the maps yields a (dis)similarity matrix whose (i, j)-entry is the areal proportion placed into category i by the first map and into category j by the second map. A parametric model, called the latent truth model, is proposed which specifies the dissimilarity matrix in terms of the true (but unknown) proportions for the mapping categories as well as the unknown error rates for the two maps. The number of parameters in the model exceeds the degrees of freedom in the dissimilarity matrix. However, a method of regularization is applied to effectively reduce the dimension of the parameter space and to permit model fitting. From the fitted model, one obtains estimates for the true mapping proportions as well as estimated error matrices for each of the maps. Accuracy assessment characteristics for each map (such as user's accuracy, producer's accuracy, overall accuracy, and the kappa coefficient) can be computed from the estimated error matrices. Methods are illustrated with two landcover maps of Wicomico County, Maryland.     

光度法测定高浓度化学需氧量

在建立了低浓度化学需氧量光度测定法的基础上，进一步摸索了高浓度ＣＯＤ光度测定法的测试条件，实验证明，在波长６１０ｎｍ，重铬酸钾浓度（１／６Ｋ２Ｃｒ２Ｏ７）０．５５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的条件下，可以测定２００～２０００ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内的ＣＯＤ，结果令人满意，用该光度法测定的ＣＯＤ与标准滴定法的ＣＯＤ比值在０．９７～１．０３之间。