新冠肺炎疫情期间我国人群交通出行行为分析

为了解我国新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19,简称“新冠肺炎”）疫情期间人群出行频次及交通方式,调查收集了2020年2月25日—3月14日我国31个省（自治区、直辖市）8 330名居民疫情期间的出行频次及交通方式等信息,并分析了其影响因素;对我国31个省（自治区、直辖市）按疫情严重程度进行等级划分,分析不同疫情等级下人群交通出行方式的差异,并与非疫情期间进行对比.结果表明:①新冠肺炎疫情期间调查人群中有75.1%的人有出行行为,其中,5.5%的人一天多次外出,17.6%的人每周出行频次不到一次.出行过程中乘坐公共交通和出租车这两类感染风险较高的交通工具的人数占比分别为6.3%和4.0%.②新冠肺炎疫情期间,我国居民的出行频次和交通方式可能受性别、年龄、城乡、片区等人口统计学变量以及当地或附近疑似/确诊病例情况的影响,还可能与所在省份疫情严重程度有关.西藏自治区、青海省等地区人群出行频次及交通方式受疫情影响变化相对较小,湖北省居民出行频次及交通方式与非疫情期间相比变化最大.③新冠肺炎疫情期间,我国成人居民选择步行和小轿车（出租车和私家车）出行的人数占比远高于非疫情期间,而选择公共交通和自行车或电动车等交通方式的人数占比与非疫情期间相比有所降低.研究发现,新冠肺炎疫情极大地改变了我国人群出行频次及交通方式.      

宏安全视域下重大传染病防控模型构建研究*

为全面系统地防控重大传染病,打破局部安全的僵局,建立宏安全视域下重大传染病防控模型。通过阐述局部安全到全面安全的转化,提出从全球视野认识重大传染病传播的宏安全新视角。结合安全事件的特征深入分析重大传染病的致因路径,得到传播过程中的4个关键节点和3个时间状态,明确宏安全视域下重大传染病安全事件演变发展及特征。从事故致因的预防角度确定重大传染病防控的内外部2个影响因素,提出应急管理和响应机制2种防控策略,由此构建宏安全视域下重大传染病防控模型。结果表明:模型在新冠肺炎防控过程中有较好的实用性,对探讨疫情防控的安全视角及逻辑具有重要理论和现实意义。     

新冠肺炎疫情期间铁路客运职工心理影响调查

选取某铁路局集团公司客运系统人员为研究对象,调查新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情对铁路客运职工的心理影响情况,以调查问卷的方式收集社会人口学数据、工作情况、疫情认知和行为改变、广泛性焦虑自评量表(GAD-7)、患者健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)、事件影响量表修订版(IES-R)。采用单因素和多重线性回归分析其影响因素,结果显示,客运人员PHQ-9评分为6.34±6.730分,GAD-7评分为4.68±5.462分,IES-R评分为20.57±19.140分;多重线性回归结果表明年龄、夜班频率、焦虑、抑郁为IES-R总分的影响因素。客运人员有轻度的焦虑、抑郁;年龄、夜班频率、焦虑、抑郁均会加大客运系统人员对新冠肺炎疫情的应激反应程度;相关部门应关注职工心理健康状况,改善焦虑和抑郁状态。     

新冠肺炎疫情防控对环境与健康工作的若干启示

新冠肺炎疫情发生以来,全国上下万众一心,采取了一系列防控举措,坚决遏制疫情蔓延扩散,取得了积极成效。保障公众健康是生态环境保护的根本目的,环境与健康工作作为公共卫生管理的重要内容之一,在很多方面同疫情防控工作具有共性,我们需要从本次疫情防控工作中汲取经验和教训,提高应对环境与健康问题的能力和水平。本文分析了开展环境与健康工作的重要意义,梳理总结了环境与健康工作应在此次疫情防控工作中借鉴的宝贵经验,并有针对性地提出了下一步加强环境与健康工作的几点建议。     

新时代中国特色社会主义生态文明建设的方略与任务

坚持人与自然和谐共生、建设美丽中国是新时代中国特色社会主义建设的基本方略之一。本文从十九大报告提出的生态文明建设战略任务出发,诠释了新时代中国特色社会主义生态文明建设的特征,结合中国未来发展蓝图,提出了新时代生态文明建设的战略目标,深入分析了新时代建设生态文明和美丽中国的四大战略任务背景和要求。     

On the performance of Fe and Fe,F doped Ti-Pt/PbO2 electrodes in the electrooxidation of the Blue Reactive 19 dye in simulated textile wastewater

The electrochemical performance of pure Ti–Pt/β-PbO₂ electrodes, or doped with Fe and F (together or separately), in the oxidation of simulated wastewaters containing the Blue Reactive 19 dye (BR-19), using a filter-press reactor, was investigated and then compared with that of a boron-doped diamond electrode supported on a niobium substrate (Nb/BDD). The electrooxidation of the dye simulated wastewater (volume of 0.1 l, with a BR-19 initial concentration of 25 mg l⁻¹) was carried out under the following conditions: current density of 50 mA cm⁻², volume flow rate of 2.4 l h⁻¹, temperature of 25 °C and electrode area of 5 cm². The performances of the electrodes in the dye decolorization were quite similar, achieving 100% decolorization, and in some cases 90% decolorization was achieved by applying only ca. 0.3 A h l⁻¹ (8 min of electrolysis). The reduction of the simulated wastewater organic load, monitored by its total organic carbon content (TOC), was greater for the Ti–Pt/β-PbO₂–Fe,F electrode obtained from an electrodeposition bath containing 1 mM Fe³⁺ and 30 mM F⁻. In this case, after 2 h of electrolysis the obtained TOC reduction was 95%, while for the pure β-PbO₂ and the Nb/BDD electrodes the reductions were 84% and 82%, respectively.     

Risk factors and the psychological impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak: perspectives and experiences of Iranian healthcare workers on the frontline

Frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) looking after COVID-19 patients are at high risk of developing mental health problems. Both preventive and interventional initiatives are essential, therefore, to maintain and improve the mental health of HCWs and ultimately to enhance the quality of care that they provide. This qualitative content analysis study, conducted in Iran between September 2020 and February 2021, involved the gathering of data on the issue through face-to-face interviews with 22 HCWs working directly with COVID-19 patients. Data analysis led to the generation of 163 codes, 45 categories (16 risk factors and 29 consequences), and 9 themes. Overall, the results suggest that caring for a patient with COVID-19 is associated with positive and negative psychological impacts. Measures such as increasing sensitivity to crisis situations, self-adjustment skills training, and identifying signs of job burnout owing to moral conflicts can reduce or eliminate the risk of negative psychological consequences among HCWs.     

Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the elemental profile of PM10 present in the ambient aerosol of an educational institute in Kolkata,India

Reduction in air pollution level was prime observation during COVID-19 lockdown globally. Here, the study was conducted to assess the impact of lockdown on the elemental profile of PM₁₀ in ambient aerosol to quantify the elemental variation. To quantify the variation, phase-wise sampling of air pollutants was carried out using the gravimetric method for PM₁₀, while NO₂ and SO₂ were estimated through the chemiluminescence and fluorescent spectrometric method respectively. The elemental constituents of PM₁₀ were carried out using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer and their source apportionment was carried out using the Positive Matrix Factorization model. The results showed that PM₁₀, NO₂ and SO₂ reduced by 86.97%, 83.38%, and 88.60% respectively during the lockdown sampling phase. The highest mean elemental concentration reduction was found in Mn (97.47%) during the lockdown. The inter-correlation among the pollutants exhibited a significant association indicating that they originate from the same source. The metals like Mn and Cu were found at a higher concentration during the lockdown phase corresponding to vehicular emissions. The comparative analysis of the elemental profile of PM₁₀ concluded that the lockdown effectuated in reduction of the majority of elements present in an aerosol enveloping metropolitan like Kolkata.     

Impact of environmental and socio-economic stressors leading to unequal distribution of COVID-19 incidences in the state of Louisiana

Louisiana (LA) ranks fifth in the United States in cancer mortality rate. LA's infamous “cancer alley” is a well evidenced region near the southeast part of the Mississippi river surrounding the petrochemical hub of the state. LA has also experienced a high COVID-19 death rate and incidences compared to other states during the recent pandemic. In this study we analyzed publicly available datasets related to health and socio-economic parameters in LA to determine the factors triggering high incidences and deaths caused by COVID-19. Correlation analysis was performed to find the impact of different parameters on the outcome of COVID-19. Our analysis showed higher COVID-19 incidences in the parishes which are in and around the “cancer alley” with a correlation of r = 0.9. Interestingly, results also indicated a strong correlation (r = 0.9) between the death rates caused by asbestos toxicity to COVID-19 caused death rate. Furthermore, we found that office-administration related employment has a positive correlation to COVID-19 incidences in the “cancer alley.” However, we also found both white and black races are equally affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in the “cancer alley” region. In conclusion, our analysis strongly suggests that inhabiting “cancer alley” could significantly enhance the chances of getting affected by SARS-CoV-2 virus compared to other regions in LA.     

多氯联苯暴露对食蚊鱼CYP19ɑ 和VTGɑ 基因的表达及骨骼形态雄性化的影响

应用食蚊鱼细胞色素P450芳香化酶基因(CYP19%)和卵黄蛋白原基因(VTG%)m RNA转录水平为指标,研究微量多氯联苯(PCBs)长时间暴露对成年雌性食蚊鱼CYP19%基因和VTG%基因表达的影响,并评价其对雌性食蚊鱼产生的形态雄性化效应。采用静水暴露实验模式,分别设置0.08、0.4、2和10μg·L-1PCBs浓度,并设置对照组和平行组,定量测定14 d和28 d性腺CYP19%和肝脏VTG%m RNA表达水平的变化,以及对椎体脉棘发育的影响。暴露实验结果显示:1各PCBs浓度组(0.08、0.4、2和10μg·L-1PCBs)暴露均能抑制食蚊鱼CYP19%和VTG基因的表达,表明PCBs对食蚊鱼VTG%基因的抑制远大于对食蚊鱼CYP19%基因的抑制;20.4μg·L-1PCBs暴露显著地降低了食蚊鱼第15椎体脉棘的长度并降低第15、16椎体脉棘的L/D值,显示食蚊鱼出现骨骼形态雄性化,表明一定浓度的PCBs暴露会表现出抗雌激素效应。