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551.
炭黑工业尾气净化及余热利用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究表明,炭黑工业生产过程尾气中的可燃气态污染物CO、H2、及CH4等,采用直接燃烧法,是目前我国炭黑尾气净化和回收利用的最佳控制方法。直接燃烧法,不仅可将尾气中可燃气态污染物转变为CO2和H2O,且可回收利用其热量,余热利用率可提高40%以上。经济技术评价表明,采用直接燃烧法和炭黑尾气发电,其经济效益和环境效益十分可观。 相似文献
552.
Environmental performance optimization using process water integration and Sustainable Process Index 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Water integration studies have focused on reducing the amount of water used by a process on the assumption that environmental impact is reduced through efficient water reuse. However, the environmental impact of retrofitting the water network through the installation of pumps and pipes and energy for their utilization which may even lead to a network with a higher environmental cost as measured using a more comprehensive metric, is rarely, if at all, considered. Using the Sustainable Process Index (SPI) as a means of measuring environmental impact, this study addresses the question on water integration and environmental impact and shows that there is a balance that must be struck between water savings and water network modifications. 相似文献
553.
M. A. Castillo-Santiago A. Hellier R. Tipper B. H. J. de Jong 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2007,12(6):1213-1235
This study examines the correlation between deforestation, carbon dioxide emissions and potential causal factors of land-use
change within an area of 2.7 million ha in Chiapas, southern Mexico between 1975 and 1996. Digitized land-use maps and interpreted
satellite images were used to quantify land-use changes. Geo-referenced databases of population and digitized maps of roads
and topography were used to determine which factors could be used to explain observed changes in land-use. The study analyzed
the relationship between carbon emissions during this period and two types of possible causal factors: “predisposing” factors
that determine the susceptibility of a particular area of forest to change (slope, distance to agriculture and roads, land
tenure) and “driving” factors representing the pressures for change (population density, poverty). The correlated factors
were combined in risk matrices, which show the proportion of vulnerable carbon stocks lost in areas with defined social, economic
and environmental characteristics. Such matrices could be used to predict future deforestation rates and provide a verifiable
evidence-base for defining baseline carbon emissions for forest conservation projects. Based on the results of the analysis,
two matrices were constructed, using population density as the single most important driving factor and distance from roads
and distance from agriculture as the two alternatives for the predisposing factors of deforestation. 相似文献
554.
Jaroslav Hynt Miloslav imek Petr Br
ek Sren O. Petersen 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2007,120(2-4):269-279
Cattle overwintering areas common in central Europe may represent significant point sources of the important greenhouse gases, nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2). A 2-year field study was carried out in order to estimate the emissions of N2O and CO2 from soil in a cattle overwintering area located in the southwest of the Czech Republic. The measurements were performed at three sampling locations along a gradient of animal impact (severe, moderate, slight) to test the hypothesis that emissions of CO2 and N2O are positively related to the degree of impact. In addition to CO2 and N2O fluxes determined by using non-vented manual closed chambers, soil mineral nitrogen (NH4+ and NO3−), pH and temperature were determined to assess their regulatory role and impact on gas fluxes. The overwintering area was about 4 ha and it had been used for overwintering of about 90 cows since 1995. Deposition of animal excreta resulted in a significant accumulation of nitrogen in the soil during winter, but most of the N2O was emitted during a few short periods in spring and/or in late autumn. Maximum N2O fluxes of up to 2.5 mg N2O-N m−2 h−1 were recorded at the most impacted location near the animal house, where the highest concentrations of soil mineral nitrogen also occurred. The emissions of CO2 showed a completely different pattern to those of N2O, being correlated with soil temperature; the highest emissions thus occurred in June–July, while very low fluxes were found in winter. Emission values ranged from about 0 to 700 mg C-CO2 m−2 h−1. Furthermore, the effect of animal impact on CO2 emissions was opposite to that on N2O fluxes, as the highest CO2 fluxes were mostly recorded at the least impacted location, where respiration of plants most likely increased overall CO2 production. The results show that cattle overwintering areas are important sources of greenhouse gases, including N2O and CO2. Fluxes of these two gases are, however, differently distributed over the year, which also suggests that they are controlled by different environmental and soil factors. 相似文献
555.
活性炭纤维处理含多氯联苯废水的研究 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
对活性炭纤维吸附处理含多氯联苯废水进行了研究,确定了相关条件下的吸附容量,并实际应用于含多氯联苯废水的处理中。 相似文献
556.
采用活性炭采样管富集工业放心气中二硫化碳,以无水乙醇为解吸溶剂,1,2,3-三(2-氰基乙氧基)丙烷固定液,Chromosorb W-HP-AW-DMCS载体,用火焰光度检测器进行色谱测定。进行了采样方法、样品保存、干扰物质及最佳色谱条件等项条件试验。方法的采样效率为98-100%;精密度实验的变异系数为2.8-6.6%;平均加标回收率为88.0-100.3%;按1L采样体积计,方法的最低检出浓度 相似文献
557.
产品碳足迹以碳标签的形式日益广泛地应用于产品供应链,通过影响企业和消费者行为而有效地促进全球碳减排.然而产品碳足迹核算标准种类繁多,不同标准对产品碳足迹的核算规定存在差异,致使其核算结果难于有效对比.本文以胶版印刷纸为例,对比分析了目前最权威的3个国际标准PAS2050、GHG Protocol和ISO14067,识别了三者对于8点产品碳足迹核算要素的不同规定,定量解析了标准差异对产品碳足迹核算的影响.结果表明,3个标准规定的差异可导致产品碳足迹核算结果产生较大的不确定性,GHG Protocol和ISO14067结果分别比PAS2050高61%和49%,其中,"碳存储、消费者交通、固定资产和延迟排放加权影响"4个方面的差异对案例产品碳足迹影响最为显著.因此,按照产品类别制定统一的核算要求是碳标签交流对比的基本前提,明晰的标准规定是降低核算结果不确定性的必要途径. 相似文献
558.
559.
弱碱性阴离子交换纤维吸附H2S和CO2混合气体的研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
主要研究了弱碱性阴离子交换纤维对高浓度的H2S、CO2混合气体的吸附性能,考察了各种因素对吸附的影响规律,为今后进一步的研究打下了一定的基础。 相似文献
560.
广东省的生态足迹与可持续发展研究 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
采用生态足迹模型对广东省2001年的生态足迹进行了实证计算和分析。结果表明:广东省生态足迹占用已远远超过其生态承载力,人均生态赤字为0.8198hm~2,总人口的生态赤字达6.20×10~7hm~2,表明广东生态系统的压力和强度甚高。造成广东高生态赤字的主要原因是:该省在快速的工业化和城市化进程中,高能源消耗及耕地资源流失量大。尽管广东可利用其经济优势,通过贸易来弥补部分的区域生态承载力不足,但由于当前大部分国家和地区人类对环境的影响已经超过了当地的生态承载力,因此从长远看,广东应主要考虑在不降低人们生活水平的前提下,减少生态足迹的需求,提高地区生态经济系统的发展能力。 相似文献