原子吸收火焰法次灵敏线测定污水和电镀污泥中高含量的锌

对采用原子吸收火焰法次灵敏线测定污水和电镀污泥中高含量的锌进行了研究。试验结果表明：在锌浓度50．0～600．0mg/L之间,溶液锌含量与吸光度呈线性关系。线性回归方程为y＝0．000661x-0．0007,相关系数γ＝0．9998。方法检出限为25．0mg/L,相对标准误差（RSD）＜2．96％,加标回收率为92．5％～105％,与标准法的相对误差＜2．76％。     

pH值对凯氏蒸馏法氨氮检出量的影响分析研究

土壤、肥料中的氨氮测定常用2mol·L^-1KC浸提一蒸馏法一酸滴定的方法进行测定,其中蒸馏是最关键和最重要的一个环节。以污泥堆肥样品为例,利用统计学原理,研究了汽提蒸馏过程中pH对氨氮检出量的影响。结果显示：pH值在6．5—11．0范围内与氨氮的检出系数是显著的正相关关系（相关系数r=0．9891）;回归方程在0．05的水平下是非常显著的,拟合度很好。进一步做残差和预测分析可以得出：pH值在6．5～10．0范围内,预测值和测定值的符合度更好。     

便携式GC-MS仪快速测定水中硝基苯及其在应急监测中的应用

采用便携式GC-MS仪快速测定水中硝基苯,通过优化水中离子强度和顶空加热时间,使方法在0μg/L^300μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为2.5μg/L。标准溶液6次测定结果的RSD为7.8%~10.9%,实际水样的加标回收率为80.7%~103%。同步测定试验表明,硝基苯与7种苯系物分离良好。与国标方法对比,该方法单个样品测定时间由2 h缩短为15 min。将该方法用于应急监测工作中,及时有效的数据可为污水处理及事故调查提供分析和研判依据。     

逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术同时检测水中多种肠道病毒

建立了一种利用通用引物RT-PCR技术检测水中肠道病毒的方法.利用脊髓灰质炎病毒1～3型,柯萨奇病毒B3型作为参考病毒株,根据肠道病毒RNA5′非编码区中具有高度同源性的序列来设计通用引物.比较了M-MLV酶和AMV酶的逆转录效果,AMV酶能够成功地从地表水和生活污水中逆转录病毒RNA,更适于实际应用.对比研究了PCR过程中的退火温度,c(Mg2＋)等因素对RT-PCR检测结果的影响,选择退火温度55　℃,c(Mg2＋)为2　mmol/L的反应条件,优化了RT-PCR检测方法.通过检测水样中接种的连续稀释的病毒,确定了该检测方法的灵敏度为38　CCID₅₀.考察人工污染的地表水、污水、二级处理出水样品发现,检测灵敏度基本一致.该方法可应用在实际环境的肠道病毒检测中.      

原子吸收法直接测量土壤中的汞含量

实验采用DMA-80自动测汞仪直接测定土壤中的汞含量,详细介绍了土壤样品中汞分析条件的选择,方法在0．4—400ng范围内,线性良好,其检出限为0．2ug／kg。     

A Monte Carlo study of radon detection in cylindrical diffusion chambers

The functioning of radon diffusion chambers was studied using the Monte Carlo code RAMMX developed here. The alpha particles from radon are assumed randomly produced in the volume of the cylinder, and those from the progeny are assumed to originate randomly at the cylindrical surface. The energy spectrum, the distribution of incident angles, and the distribution of path lengths of the alpha particles on the detector were obtained. These quantities vary depending on input parameters such as initial alpha particle energy, radius and depth of the diffusion chamber, detector size and atmospheric pressure. The calculated energy spectrum for both ²²²Rn and ²²⁰Rn was compared with experiment, permitting the identification of each peak and its origin, and a better understanding of radon monitoring. Three aspects not considered in previous calculations are progeny alphas coming from surfaces of the monitor, taking into account the atmospheric pressure, and including the isotope ²²⁰Rn.     

光学检测法用于工业气体检测的研究

开展基于特定物质吸收光谱及其谐波检测技术的气体检测装置的实验研究.检测装置采用频率稳定措施,使激光频率始终控制在待测气体的吸收谱线上,对环境的抗干扰能力强,不会产生误判.不需要经常标定,不需要采样.     

基于TDLAS的火灾气体探测系统研制

将TDLAS(Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy)技术应用于极早期火灾气体产物的检测.对于火灾早期特征气体CO和CO2气体探测,选择中心波长为1582nm和1607nm的近红外吸收谱线,设计了一个基于TDLAS的火灾气体探测系统.对于CO和CO2气体,最低检测灵敏度分别达到2.3×10-6和22×10-6体积比浓度.该系统信号响应线性度高,长期运行稳定.     

管道泄漏检测技术

管道运输作为一种经济、有效、环保的运输方式,在液体、气体运输中具有独特的优势,管道泄漏检测是管道运输安全运行的关键和重要保障.通过总结国内外管道泄漏检测的最新方法,按运输对象分类介绍了管道运输气体和液体时的检测方法和工作原理,分析其优缺点,提出管道运输泄漏检测的对策,为提高我国管道运输的安全生产管理水平做出有益的探讨.     

Detection of organic pollutants in sandy soils via TDR and eigendecomposition

In this study, organic pollutants in sandy soils are detected using a time domain relectrometry (TDR) probe system and eigendecomposition technique. As a demonstration, four types of organic fluids (motor oil, diesel oil, methanol and ethanol) were examined. Samples were prepared with different combinations of deionized water and organic fluid contents. For each experiment, reflected signals were captured by an oscilloscope, and their characteristics were identified using eigendecomposition technique. Autoregressive modeling and singular value decomposition methods were utilized for calculating the eigenvalues. The most significant eigenvalues were then identified based on their relative magnitude. Experimental results indicated that the presented system is sensitive to both water and pore fluid organic contents. For saturated conditions, signature curves were determined for identification of organic and/or water contents in soil pore fluids.