WATER TRANSFER AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

An aspect of water resource development that has currently generated a good deal of interest among economists relates to the ‘economics of water transfer.’ Some recent investigations in this connection have studied the impact of transferring water from conventional uses (mainly agricultural) to newly emerging uses (e.g., pollution abatement, recreational, and industrial). The results of these studies indicate that water transfer contributes to economic growth, both directly and indirectly.     

西部大开发面临的环境挑战及其对策

西部大开发面临的环境挑战主要是生态脆弱性的加重和环境污染西迁速度的加快。面对挑战,需要采取的对策及措施主要有:认真开 展对生态环境的科学研究;加强与拓展环境影响评价工作;切实加强环境管理能力建设;努力加大生态保护与建设的力度;坚决遏制环境污染 的西迁;制定与实施“西部蓝天计划”;大力加强水资源的保护与有效利用等。      

Evaluation of the effect of automotive bumper recycling by life-cycle inventory analysis

This paper describes a case study of the application of life-cycle inventory analysis to automotive bumper recycling. Two scenarios of bumper recycling are compared. One is “bumper-to-bumper recycling,” in which we recycle bumpers into more bumpers. The other is “cascade recycling,” in which bumpers are recycled into different parts of a car with a lower function. Inventory analysis is applied to both these recycling scenarios by analyzing the stages of acquiring natural resources, manufacturing materials, and parts, disposal, and recycling. We chose air emission, solid waste, and fossil fuel resources as items of the inventory analysis. We quantified the effect of reductions in the environmental load by recycling bumpers, and found that reductions in the environmental load were larger with cascade recycling than with bumper-to-bumper recycling based on current conditions. Received: February 2, 2000 / Accepted: April 21, 2000     

西部大开发中的四川猕猴桃资源优势

通过对四川省猕猴桃资源现状的分析,阐述了四川猕猴桃的资源优势及其人工栽培现状,提出了在西部大开发中发展四川猕猴桃产业化的道路。     

浅谈我国企业成本会计的发展趋势和对策

随着现代企业制度的建立和健全,目前企业成本会计正经历着前所未有的变化.市场竞争,归根到底是产品的成本与质量之间的竞争.就成本会计正经历着前所未有的变化,分析当前新制造环境对成本会计的冲击、管理理论与方法的创新对成本会计的影响;并就成本会计如何顺应国际国内市场环境及企业生产环境的变化提出了相应的对策.参4.     

城市生态环境与可持续发展评价指标体系研究

本文从探讨城市生态环境与可持续发展的战略关系入手,在进行调查研究的基础上,提出了城市生态环境与可持续发展评价指标体系,旨在为城市的全面、协调、可持续发展提供一点科学管理依据。     

层次分析法在规划环评中的应用--以太仓市沿江地区规划为例

综合分析了层次分析法(AHP法)的特点及应用于规划环评的优势,并以太仓市沿江地区规划为例,综合考虑社会、经济和环境资源的因素,建立了评价体系,对太仓市沿江地区规划的4个替代方案进行了比选,最后对拟定规划方案给出了修正建议。     

Inclusive development,oil extraction and climate change: a multilevel analysis of Kenya

There has been considerable research on North–South issues on climate change; however, little work has been done on how the recent discovery of oil in some developing countries could affect North–South relations, the prospects for development for the South, climate change and local socio-environmental issues. Using the theory of inclusive development, the concept of the Right to Development, and their relation to stranded assets, this paper addresses the question: what does inclusive development imply at the national and global level in dealing with oil extraction in the context of climate change? Based on a literature review and a layered case study of Kenya, this paper concludes that (a) Kenyans argue that Kenya has a right to extract and use oil resources and that rich countries should reduce their extraction and use; (b) such a claim could be integrated in an appropriate emissions trading scheme; and that (c) Kenya should also account for the national and local socioecological aspects to reduce potential local conflict, yet the conditions favoring inclusive development are not yet established. However, such an argument may also lead to perverse results. If addressing climate change requires phasing out fossil fuels, this argument may lead to stranded assets in both developed and developing countries, and may ironically leave developing countries poorer off as stranded assets are possibly more expensive than having stranded resources.     

Monitoring and targeting the sanitation poor: A multidimensional approach

Water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) are at the core of sustainable development. As we embark on a new round of global goals, namely the Sustainable Development Goals, a top priority is to address a coherent framework for monitoring these services. In the coming years, the sector will witness the development of a variety of multidimensional monitoring measures, albeit from different perspectives. This paper reviews the relevant literature and discusses the adequacy and applicability of one approach that is increasingly adopted for multidimensional poverty measurement at the household level, the Alkire‐Foster methodology. Drawing on this method, we identify and combine a set of direct household‐related water and sanitation deprivations that batter a person at the same time. This new multidimensional measure is useful for gaining a better understanding of the context in which WaSH services are delivered. It captures both the incidence and intensity of WaSH poverty, and provides a new tool to support monitoring and reporting. For illustrative purposes, one small town in Mozambique is selected as the initial case study.     

Has the Clean Development Mechanism assisted sustainable development?

One of the dual objectives of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol is to assist host countries in achieving sustainable development. With various CDM indicators for 58 CDM host countries over the period 2005‐2010, this paper empirically assesses whether CDM project development fulfils its sustainable development objective. Using a unique dynamic panel data method based on the long‐differenced model, this research provides convincing evidence that CDM projects contribute to sustainable development in host countries. It sheds light on the role of the CDM in the process of global sustainability with clear policy implications for developing countries and those embracing market instruments.