全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10763篇 |
免费 | 1013篇 |
国内免费 | 1881篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 2266篇 |
废物处理 | 232篇 |
环保管理 | 1871篇 |
综合类 | 5264篇 |
基础理论 | 1285篇 |
环境理论 | 16篇 |
污染及防治 | 716篇 |
评价与监测 | 752篇 |
社会与环境 | 662篇 |
灾害及防治 | 593篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 69篇 |
2023年 | 279篇 |
2022年 | 434篇 |
2021年 | 478篇 |
2020年 | 455篇 |
2019年 | 439篇 |
2018年 | 371篇 |
2017年 | 469篇 |
2016年 | 554篇 |
2015年 | 544篇 |
2014年 | 586篇 |
2013年 | 773篇 |
2012年 | 837篇 |
2011年 | 949篇 |
2010年 | 607篇 |
2009年 | 639篇 |
2008年 | 548篇 |
2007年 | 679篇 |
2006年 | 597篇 |
2005年 | 482篇 |
2004年 | 369篇 |
2003年 | 363篇 |
2002年 | 310篇 |
2001年 | 250篇 |
2000年 | 198篇 |
1999年 | 201篇 |
1998年 | 133篇 |
1997年 | 145篇 |
1996年 | 128篇 |
1995年 | 94篇 |
1994年 | 107篇 |
1993年 | 79篇 |
1992年 | 63篇 |
1991年 | 53篇 |
1990年 | 41篇 |
1989年 | 37篇 |
1988年 | 40篇 |
1987年 | 22篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 21篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 25篇 |
1981年 | 20篇 |
1980年 | 19篇 |
1979年 | 20篇 |
1978年 | 14篇 |
1977年 | 10篇 |
1972年 | 18篇 |
1971年 | 20篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
841.
An approach to optimise nutrient management in environmental sanitation systems despite limited data
The material flow analysis method can be used to assess the impact of environmental sanitation systems on resource consumption and environmental pollution. However, given the limited access to reliable data, application of this data-intensive method in developing countries may be difficult. This paper presents an approach allowing to develop material flow models despite limited data availability. Application of an iterative procedure is of key importance: model parameter values should first be assessed on the basis of a literature review and by eliciting expert judgement. If model outputs are not plausible, sensitive input parameters should be reassessed more accurately. Moreover, model parameters can be expressed as probability distributions and variable uncertainty estimated by using Monte Carlo simulation. The impact of environmental sanitation systems on the phosphorus load discharged into surface water in Hanoi, Vietnam, is simulated by applying the proposed approach. 相似文献
842.
Many species of conservation concern are spatially structured and require dispersal to be persistent. For such species, altering the distribution of suitable habitats on the landscape can affect population dynamics in ways that are difficult to predict from simple models. We argue that for such species, individual-based and spatially explicit population models (SEPMs) should be used to determine appropriate levels of off-site restoration to compensate for on-site loss of ecologic resources. Such approaches are necessary when interactions between biologic processes occur at different spatial scales (i.e., local [recruitment] and landscape [migration]). The sites of restoration and habitat loss may be linked to each other, but, more importantly, they may be linked to other resources in the landscape by regional biologic processes, primarily migration. The common management approach for determining appropriate levels of off-site restoration is to derive mitigation ratios based on best professional judgment or pre-existing data. Mitigation ratios assume that the ecologic benefits at the site of restoration are independent of the ecologic costs at the site of habitat loss. Using an SEPM for endangered red-cockaded woodpeckers, we show that the spatial configuration of habitat restoration can simultaneously influence both the rate of recruitment within breeding groups and the rate of migration among groups, implying that simple mitigation ratios may be inadequate. 相似文献
843.
844.
本文对湿式脱硫除尘一体化设备的结构和性能进行了较为全面的分析,指出了该设备存在的诸多弊病,提出了解决方案--脱硫、除尘分体组合式的思路. 相似文献
845.
在明确FMEA分析方法意义的基础上,本文对某装备进行故障模式及影响分析,并得出相应结论,以有助于该装备的研制与使用。 相似文献
846.
River damming provides a dominant human impact on river environments worldwide, and while local impacts of reservoir flooding
are immediate, subsequent ecological impacts downstream can be extensive. In this article, we assess seven research strategies
for analyzing the impacts of dams and river flow regulation on riparian ecosystems. These include spatial comparisons of (1)
upstream versus downstream reaches, (2) progressive downstream patterns, or (3) the dammed river versus an adjacent free-flowing
or differently regulated river(s). Temporal comparisons consider (4) pre- versus post-dam, or (5) sequential post-dam conditions.
However, spatial comparisons are complicated by the fact that dams are not randomly located, and temporal comparisons are
commonly limited by sparse historic information. As a result, comparative approaches are often correlative and vulnerable
to confounding factors. To complement these analyses, (6) flow or sediment modifications can be implemented to test causal
associations. Finally, (7) process-based modeling represents a predictive approach incorporating hydrogeomorphic processes
and their biological consequences. In a case study of Hells Canyon, the upstream versus downstream comparison is confounded
by a dramatic geomorphic transition. Comparison of the multiple reaches below the dams should be useful, and the comparison
of Snake River with the adjacent free-flowing Salmon River may provide the strongest spatial comparison. A pre- versus post-dam
comparison would provide the most direct study approach, but pre-dam information is limited to historic reports and archival
photographs. We conclude that multiple study approaches are essential to provide confident interpretations of ecological impacts
downstream from dams, and propose a comprehensive study for Hells Canyon that integrates multiple research strategies. 相似文献
847.
848.
849.
Phosphorus is indispensable for agricultural production. Hence, the consumption of imported food indirectly implies the import of phosphorus resources. The global consumption of agricultural products depends on a small number of ore-producing countries. For sustainable management of phosphorus resources, the global supply and demand network should be clarified. In this study, we propose the virtual phosphorus ore requirement as a new indicator of the direct and indirect phosphorus requirements for our society. The virtual phosphorus ore requirement indicates the direct and indirect demands for phosphorus ore transformed into agricultural products and fertilizer. In this study, the virtual phosphorus ore requirement was evaluated for the Japanese economy in 2005. Importantly, the results show that our society requires twice as much phosphorus ore as the domestic demand for fertilizer production. The phosphorus contained in “eaten” agricultural products was only 12% of virtual phosphorus ore requirement. 相似文献
850.
Tracing the sources of refractory dissolved organic matter in a large artificial lake using multiple analytical tools 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Structural and chemical characteristics of refractory dissolved organic matter (RDOM) from seven different sources (algae, leaf litter, reed, compost, field soil, paddy water, treated sewage) were examined using multiple analytical tools, and they were compared with those of RDOM in a large artificial lake (Lake Paldang, Korea). Treated sewage, paddy water, and field soil were distinguished from the other sources investigated by their relatively low specific UV absorbance (SUVA) values and more pronounced fulvic-like versus humic-like fluorescence of the RDOM samples. Microbial derived RDOM from algae and treated sewage showed relatively low apparent molecular weight and a higher fraction of hydrophilic bases relative to the total hydrophilic fraction. For the biopolymer types, the presence of polyhydroxy aromatics with the high abundance of proteins was observed only for vascular plant-based RDOM (i.e., leaf litter and reed). Molecular weight values exhibited positive correlations with the SUVA and the hydrophobic content among the different RDOM, suggesting that hydrophobic and condensed aromatic structures may be the main components of high molecular weight RDOM. Principal component analysis revealed that approximately 77% of the variance in the RDOM characteristics might be explained by the source difference (i.e., terrestrial and microbial derived) and a tendency of further microbial transformation. Combined results demonstrated that the properties of the lake RDOM were largely affected by the upstream sources of field soil, paddy water, and treated sewage, which are characterized by low molecular weight UV-absorbing and non-aromatic structures with relatively high resistance to further degradation. 相似文献