故障树中最小割集和最小径集的改进算法

介绍了故障树分析的基本概念,对其中用到的最小割集和最小径集做了详细的说明.介绍求最小割集和最小径集的传统方法,并在此基础上提出一种新的方法.此方法把故障树转换为串并联系统或并串联系统的形式.转换后的形式可以很容易地得出最小割集和最小径集.并用例子进行了详细的说明.     

氯碱生产中氢气火灾爆炸事故树分析

氢气火灾爆炸事故是氯碱生产中最常见的事故之一.在对焦作化电集团实际调研的基础上,采用系统安全分析方法中的事故树分析方法对氢气火灾爆炸事故进行了定性、定量分析.给出了氢气火灾爆炸事故树图,事故树的最小割集、最小径集以及3种重要度.最后基于事故树分析提出了预防事故发生的安全防范措施.     

某钢厂工业输水管路系统可靠性分析

用事件树分析法对工业输水管道进行了系统可靠性分析和定量计算,得出了不同维修策略模型下系统的概率,有效地估计了维修策略对系统的影响,给出了提高管道系统安全性的建议.     

建筑安全事故中的事件重要性定量分析

为制定建筑安全措施提供理论依据,采用Birnbaum测度描述诱发事故的事件重要度,提出基于二叉判定图(BDD)的建筑安全定量分析方法。在得到安全事故故障树后,该方法执行BDD逻辑运算生成BDD结构,并通过遍历该结构计算各事件的Birnbaum测度值。管理人员可通过量化的重要度数值来分析各事件重要性,确定对工程安全影响最大的一些基本事件,从而制定安全措施来减少事故损失、保证工程质量。BDD结构特点使得该方法便于计算机编程实现,实验数据的对比分析表明BDD方法可正确高效地分析建筑安全事故。     

Characterization of Escherichia Coli Isolates from Different Fecal Sources by Means of Classification Tree Analysis of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (Fame) Profiles

Microbial source tracking (MST) methods need to be rapid, inexpensive and accurate. Unfortunately, many MST methods provide a wealth of information that is difficult to interpret by the regulators who use this information to make decisions. This paper describes the use of classification tree analysis to interpret the results of a MST method based on fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles of Escherichia coli isolates, and to present results in a format readily interpretable by water quality managers. Raw sewage E. coli isolates and animal E. coli isolates from cow, dog, gull, and horse were isolated and their FAME profiles collected. Correct classification rates determined with leaveone-out cross-validation resulted in an overall low correct classification rate of 61%. A higher overall correct classification rate of 85% was obtained when the animal isolates were pooled together and compared to the raw sewage isolates. Bootstrap aggregation or adaptive resampling and combining of the FAME profile data increased correct classification rates substantially. Other MST methods may be better suited to differentiate between different fecal sources but classification tree analysis has enabled us to distinguish raw sewage from animal E. coli isolates, which previously had not been possible with other multivariate methods such as principal component analysis and cluster analysis.     

陕西五曲湾滑坡发育特征和~(14)C测龄

在陕西省凤翔县五曲湾滑坡的滑带土中发现一段树根,表面被炭化,并且发生了强烈的剪切变形,分析认为此乃滑坡滑动所致。经过14C测龄,年龄为462±45年B.P,这一年龄与地质分析获取的认识基本吻合,与1556年"华县大地震"发生的年份非常接近,从而为研究五曲湾滑坡的触发机制提供了重要依据。最后提出,如果在滑带土中发现可用于定年的样品,采用14C法测定滑坡年龄,是对滑坡进行定年的有效途径。     

含硫油品储罐自燃机理及事故原因分析

通过企业现场调研并结合若干事故案例的剖析分析了含S油品储罐自燃事故的发生原因,总结了事故的主要影响因素。在建立含S油品储罐自燃的事故树（FTA）图的基础上,通过最小割集的计算与分析,探讨了事故的主要原因及发生条件,并提出了相应的预防控制措施。     

Designing a conservation reserve network with minimal fragmentation: A linear integer programming approach

In the biological conservation literature, the optimum reserve site selection problem has often been addressed by using the prototype set covering and maximal covering formulations, assuming that representation of species is the only criterion in site selection. This approach usually results in a small but highly fragmented reserve, which is not useful for practical conservation planning. To improve the chances of species' persistence, it may be desirable to reduce habitat fragmentation. This paper presents a linear integer programming formulation to minimize spatial gaps between selected sites in a reserve network, which is applied to a data set on breeding birds. The authors express their willingness to share the database used in this study. Those readers who wish to have access to the data may contact Robert A. Briers at r.briers@napier.ac.uk.     

贵州生物质能源树种资源的开发利用

根据贵州省生物质能源树种主要分布区线路调查和典型样地调查的结果，介绍了贵州省生物质能源树种的研究现状和存在问题，对贵州的生物质能源树种进行了分类并报道了资源的分布特点。提出了贵州应重点利用现有生物乙醇树种资源，积极稳妥发展生物柴油树种资源，并对开发利用技术和途径进行了探讨。     

基于感知机的故障树最小割集算法

在人工神经元网络原理的基础上,提出了一种计算复杂系统最小割集的方法。该方法根据逻辑“与”和“或”门具有线性可分割的特点,选用了基于M-P模型算法的感知机网络作为计算模型,理论推导出故障树中的逻辑关系与感知机模型中神经网络基本单元之间的转换规则,利用该规则可将所建故障树转化成便于编程求解的由神经网络基本单元组成的神经网络树。实例计算结果表明,感知机网络模型适合表达故障树中的逻辑关系,神经网络树所反映的基本事件与顶事件之间的映射关系便于编程求解,并可快速准确地获得复杂系统故障树的最小割集。