铁锰轻稀土复合氧化物催化剂对苯的完全氧化作用

研究铁轻稀土，铁锰轻稀土复合氧化物催化剂对苯的催化活性，发现铁锰轻稀土复合氧化物催化剂对苯具有较理想的完全氧化活性；同时还研究了稀土用量及添加微量贵金属钯对催化剂性能的影响，发现轻稀土有一个恰当的添加比例，另外还发现添加微量钯可提高催化剂的初活性。     

纵向塞曼石墨炉原子吸收法测定水样中的痕量镉

以ＮＨ４Ｈ２ＰＯ４和Ｍｇ（ＮＯ３）２为基材改进剂，利用纵向塞曼石墨炉原子吸收法直接测定长江，嘉陵江水样中痕量镉，获得了满意的结果，本法具有良好的重现性和较高的灵敏度，操作简便、快速。     

催化极谱法连续测定生物材料中的铅和镉

本文提出在盐酸—磷酸—碘化钾—四乙基碘化铵—抗坏血酸体系中,在单扫描示波极谱仪上连续测定生物材料中的铅和镉的极谱催化波,波峰敏锐,波形良好,峰电位分别在-0.54V(对SCE),-0.70V(对SCE),检出限铅为0.1μg/ml,镉为0.05μg/ml,相对标准偏差分别为6.5％和3.9％。     

活性炭纤维吸附—催化燃烧新装置处理有机废气

介绍了一种处理有机废气的吸附一催化燃烧新型装置，以活性炭纤维为吸附剂，结合多单元分流组合式吸附床，采用PLC电脑来实现整个系统的连续运行，实际运行结果表明，对于处理大风量、低浓度的有机废气，该技术与其它技术相比具有净化效率高、节能降耗、自动化水平高等优点。     

微量金属对废水厌氧处理效果的影响

以葡萄酒蒸馏废水的厌氧生物处理为例,研究了Fe、Ni、Co、Mo、Cu、Zn对厌氧反应器的COD去除率、出水中挥发性有机酸含量、气体产量、气体成分、pH缓冲能力和碱度等的影响.对比了微量金属投加前后,厌氧反应器污泥中微量金属含量的变化.得出微量金属具有提高厌氧运行效果的作用,其中,Co的作用要更大一些.Ni、Co、Mo在附着态、悬浮态污泥中具有逐渐积累的特点;Fe、Cu、Zn在附着态污泥中是淋失的,而在悬浮态污泥中变化不大.     

碳纤维生产工艺含氰废气治理

在聚丙烯腈基碳纤维的生产过程中将产生大量有毒含氰废气，其危害性已引起人们的普遍关注。提出了催化燃烧的治理方案和工艺。实际运行结果表明：该工艺过程操作简便，效果较好，净化后气体达到了国家排放标准。     

微量溴仿的示波极谱测定

在0.40mol/L乙二胺介质中,溴仿在示波极谱仪上于-0.23V处可观察到一灵敏的极谱波.溴仿的浓度在1.00×10~(-7)～2.00×10~(-4)mol/L范围内与波高有线性关系.方法检出限为5.00×10~(-8)mol/L.利用本方法测定试样中的溴仿,结果令人满意.     

Trace metals and organochlorines in sediments near a major ocean outfall on a high energy continental margin (Sydney, Australia)

Sewage effluent from a large ocean outfall south of Sydney, southeastern Australia, is efficiently dispersed on this high energy continental margin. An enrichment of Ag, Cu, Pb and Zn is only detectable in the fine fraction (<62.5 microm) of sediment. Ag, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the bulk sample correlate strongly with the mud content of surficial sediment, making an identification of the anthropogenic trace metal source difficult using total sediment analyses. The concentrations of HCB and DDE in the total sediment are also slightly elevated near the outfall. In the vicinity of the outfall, the estimated sewage component in the fine fraction of sediment, using Ag, Cu and Zn in a conservative, two-endmember physical mixing model, is <5% and is <0.25% of the total sediment. A greater anthropogenic Pb component in the fine fraction (mean: 24.8%) of surficial sediment compared to Ag, Cu and Zn may suggest a source other than sewage to Sydney continental margin sediments.     

Effects of copper chloride on formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in model waste incineration

Combustion experiments in a laboratory-scale fluidized-bed reactor were conducted to elucidate the effects of copper chloride as a catalyst on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) formation in municipal waste incineration. We used model wastes with and without copper chloride (CuCl₂ · 2H₂O), both of which contained polyvinyl chloride as a chlorine source. Combustion temperature was set to 900 °C, and the amount of air supplied was twice the stoichiometric ratio. The experimental setup was carefully planned to suppress the influences of experimental conditions except the waste composition. Results of these experiments showed that copper chloride in the waste increased the amount of PCDDs formed and made the homologue profile to shift towards the highly chlorinated species. Copper chloride contributes to the PCDDs formation by promoting chlorination, whereby the reaction is important in that organic matter is chlorinated directly by copper compounds. Copper chloride did not exert a great influence on the isomer distribution patterns of PCDDs, while there appeared a significant difference in the case of PCDFs. This points out the difference of the major formation mechanisms between PCDDs and PCDFs. PCDDs are less formed by the catalytic reactions from carbon/polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons than PCDFs in our experimental conditions.     

The illusion of environmental iodine deficiency

The distribution of endemic goitre in England and Wales was compared with the distribution of environmental iodine (atmospheric deposition, soil, surface water). Despite a very clear goitre belt through the west of England and Wales there was no patterning in the environmental iodine distribution. A clear seasonal variation in depositional iodine exists, with an unusually high concentration of iodine in March 1997. The temporal variation in iodine concentration is determined at the monthly and not the annual level. The presence of endemic goitre is no indicator of how iodine is distributed in the environment or vice versa!