Atmospheric fine particles in a typical coastal port of Yangtze River Delta

In recent decades, coastal ports have experienced rapid development and become an important economic and ecological hub in China. Atmospheric particle is a research hotspot in atmospheric environmental sciences in inland regions. However, few studies on the atmospheric particle were conducted in coastal port areas in China, which indeed suffers atmospheric particle pollution. Lack of the physicochemical characteristics of fine particles serves as an obstacle toward the accurate control for air pollution in the coastal port area in China. Here, a field observation was conducted in an important coastal port city in Yangtze River Delta from March 6 to March 19, 2019. The average PM_2.5 concentration was 63.7 ± 27.8 μg/m³ and NO₃^—, SO₄^2—, NH₄⁺, and organic matter accounted for ~60% of PM_2.5. Fe was the most abundant trace metal element and V as the ship emission indicator was detected. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that SK-rich, soot, Fe, SK-soot and SK-Fe were the major individual particles in the coastal port. V and soluble Fe were detected in sulfate coating of SK-Fe particles. We found that anthropogenic emissions, marine sea salt, and secondary atmosphere process were the major sources of fine particles. Backward trajectory analysis indicated that the dominant air masses were marine air mass, inland air mass from northern Zhejiang and inland-marine mixed air mass from Shandong and Shanghai during the sampling period. The findings can help us better understand the physicochemical properties of atmospheric fine particles in the coastal port of Eastern China.     

Trace elements and stable sulfur isotopes in plants of acid mine drainage area: Implications for revegetation of degraded land

The abundances of trace elements, a low pH of water and soil in areas impacted by the acid mine drainage (AMD) may cause an excessive uptake of potentially toxic elements and nutritional imbalances in plants. Metal-tolerant, native plants are used for revegetation of degraded mining areas. We established levels of selected trace elements and stable sulfur isotopes in the above-ground plant biomass collected in a mining area in south-central Poland. In 2016, 20 samples of the most common species were collected from sites with a different influence of acid mine drainage and analyzed for trace elements by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique. On the basis of the results obtained in 2016, the most contaminated site was selected for a more detailed study, in which sulfur contents and stable sulfur isotope ratios were determined together with trace elements in 17 samples. The results confirmed that the plants native to the AMD area efficiently accumulated trace elements, especially As and rare earth elements. Mosses showed the highest content of trace elements, but exhibited the lowest concentrations of sulfur accompanied by the highest δ³⁴S values. It has been shown for the first time that stable sulfur isotope composition of AMD plants in south-central Poland is significantly depleted in the ³⁴S isotope showing an average δ³⁴S value of –10.5‰ in comparison with positive δ³⁴S values in local vegetation growing outside the AMD area and in local precipitation.     

Bioaccumulation and changes of trace metals over the last two decades in marine organisms from Guangdong coastal regions, South China

Trace metal (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) exposures, distribution and bioaccumulation were investigated in marine organisms from Guangdong coastal regions, South China. The results showed that all of the selected metals were observed in marine organisms with a predomination of Cu and Zn. The metal exposure levels exhibited obvious variations between species with the decreasing order of crab>shellfish>shrimp>fish. The higher metals enrichment seen in shellfish and crab species primarily attributed to their living habits and the higher sediment background values of trace metals. Endpoint bioaccumulation factor (BAF_fd) was used to characterize the bioaccumulation potentials of marine organisms to trace metals, of which Cu and Zn were the most accumulated elements. The exposure of trace metals in the cultured organisms was far lower than those in wild marine organisms, which is probably due to the effect of growth dilution. Comparisons with previous studies demonstrated that the concentration profiles of most trace metals declined over the last one to two decades, except Cu, that increased indistinctively.     

Residual effects of tobacco biochar along with different fixing agents on stabilization of trace elements in multi-metal contaminated soils

The residual effect of tobacco biochar(TB ≥ 500°C) mono and co-application with Cahydroxide(CH),Ca-bentonite(CB) and natural zeolite(NZ) on the bio-availability of trace elements TE(s) in alkaline soils has not been deeply studied yet.A pot study that had earlier been investigated TB mono and blended with CH,CB and NZ on the immobilization of Pb,Cu Cd,and Zn by Chinese cabbage.Maize crop in the rotation was selected as test plant to assess the residual impact of amendments on stabilization of Pb,Cu Cd,and Zn in mine polluted(M-P),smelter heavily and low polluted(S-HP and S-LP,respectively) soils.The obtained results showed that stabilization of Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn reached 63.84% with TB + CB,61.19% with TB + CH,83.31% with TB + CH and 35.27% with TB + CH for M-P soil,36.46% with TB + NZ,38.46% with TB + NZ,19.40% with TB + CH and 62.43% with TB + CH for S-LP soil,52.94% TB + NZ,57.65% with TB + NZ,52.94% with TB + NZ,and 28.44% with TB + CH for S-LP soil.Conversely,TB + CH and TB alone had mobilized Pb and Zn up to19.29% and 34.96% in M-P soil.The mobility of Zn reached 8.38% with TB + CB and 66.03%with TB for S-HP and S-LP soils.The uptake and accumulation of Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn in shoot and root were reduced in three polluted soils.Overall,the combination of TB along with CH,CB and NZ has been proven to be effective in Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn polluted mine/smelter soils restoration.     

东阳市电镀总厂废水处理工艺简介

本文主要描述ＥＥＯＯ电镀废水处理技术的工艺过程及主要反应原理，它包括两个柱：１催化氧化柱、２内电解柱     

共沉富集─单缝石英管火焰原子吸收法测定水中痕量铜、铅、锌、镉

采用共沉富集与单缝石英管技术，以火焰法测定地面水、地下水中的痕量铜、铅、锌、镉，检测限分别为０．５，１．８，０．２，０．１μｇ／Ｌ，四种痕量元素１１次测定的变异系数分别２．８％，２．３％，３．１％和３．９％。     

褪色光度法测定微量碘的研究

研究了在硫酸介质中、溴化钾催化下 ,碘酸根氧化酸性铬蓝K褪色的最佳条件。其最大吸收波长λmax为 5 2 0nm ,表观摩尔吸光系数为 1 .1× 1 0 4 L·mol- 1·cm- 1,碘浓度在 0～ 3 .6mg/L内呈线性关系。方法用于测定加碘食盐中的碘 ,结果令人满意     

催化动力学光度法测定环境样品中微量碘的研究和应用

在柠檬酸介质中，Ｉ－对ＫＩＯ３氧化结晶紫的反应有催化效应，据此建立了测定微量Ｉ－新的催化动力学光度法．方法的检出限为０．１８５μｇ／ｍｌ，测定范围为５～７０μｇ／２５ｍｌ，用本法对环境水样进行了测定，结果满意。     

Trace metals and organochlorines in sediments near a major ocean outfall on a high energy continental margin (Sydney, Australia)

Sewage effluent from a large ocean outfall south of Sydney, southeastern Australia, is efficiently dispersed on this high energy continental margin. An enrichment of Ag, Cu, Pb and Zn is only detectable in the fine fraction (<62.5 microm) of sediment. Ag, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the bulk sample correlate strongly with the mud content of surficial sediment, making an identification of the anthropogenic trace metal source difficult using total sediment analyses. The concentrations of HCB and DDE in the total sediment are also slightly elevated near the outfall. In the vicinity of the outfall, the estimated sewage component in the fine fraction of sediment, using Ag, Cu and Zn in a conservative, two-endmember physical mixing model, is <5% and is <0.25% of the total sediment. A greater anthropogenic Pb component in the fine fraction (mean: 24.8%) of surficial sediment compared to Ag, Cu and Zn may suggest a source other than sewage to Sydney continental margin sediments.     

Effects of copper chloride on formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in model waste incineration

Combustion experiments in a laboratory-scale fluidized-bed reactor were conducted to elucidate the effects of copper chloride as a catalyst on polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) formation in municipal waste incineration. We used model wastes with and without copper chloride (CuCl₂ · 2H₂O), both of which contained polyvinyl chloride as a chlorine source. Combustion temperature was set to 900 °C, and the amount of air supplied was twice the stoichiometric ratio. The experimental setup was carefully planned to suppress the influences of experimental conditions except the waste composition. Results of these experiments showed that copper chloride in the waste increased the amount of PCDDs formed and made the homologue profile to shift towards the highly chlorinated species. Copper chloride contributes to the PCDDs formation by promoting chlorination, whereby the reaction is important in that organic matter is chlorinated directly by copper compounds. Copper chloride did not exert a great influence on the isomer distribution patterns of PCDDs, while there appeared a significant difference in the case of PCDFs. This points out the difference of the major formation mechanisms between PCDDs and PCDFs. PCDDs are less formed by the catalytic reactions from carbon/polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons than PCDFs in our experimental conditions.