Trace metal emissions from co-combustion of refuse derived and packaging derived fuels in a circulating fluidized bed boiler

Energy recovery from refuse derived fuels (RDF) and packaging derived fuels (PDF) is one option in integrated waste management. Nine RDF and PDF co-combustion tests with peat and coal in a circulating fluidized bed boiler were carried out in this work. Heavy metal emissions in flue gas and fly ash were measured. Multivariate data analyses were used to find out the most important parameters affecting metal emissions in the flue gas.

The results showed that total heavy metal emissions were low. Although RDF and PDF had more heavy metals than peat and coal, the multivariate data analysis showed that an increase of the RDF or PDF share in the fuel mixture up to 20% did not correlate directly with the metal emissions in the flue gas. Distribution of Cd, Cu, Zn and Sn between flue gas and fly ash correlated with each other. Injection of limestone to bind sulphur and chlorine did not have a significant effect on heavy metal emissions in the flue gas. Heavy metals concentrated on the fly ash, but all fly ashes passed the EPA-TCLP tests.     

负载氧化镧的活性炭还原NO的研究

稀土金属具有一些特殊的性能,这使得其对碳质材料还原NO的反应可能表现出特殊的催化效果,而此方面的研究没有报道.为了研究稀土金属对活性炭还原NO反应的催化效果,采用浸渍法制备了负载氧化镧的活性炭颗粒(La/C),并在无氧的固定床反应器中进行了程序升温反应和等温反应,考察了气体流量、NO的入口浓度、反应温度和氧化镧负载量对反应活性的影响,同时对反应机理和动力学进行了初步探讨.研究结果表明负载氧化镧的活性炭还原NO的反应是一级反应.由于炭表面3%(质量分数)的氧化镧的存在,C-NO反应的起始反应温度从500 ℃降低到300 ℃,反应活性大大提高,反应活化能从88.95 kJ/mol降低到51.05 kJ/mol.氧化镧的负载量对反应活性有重要影响,但负载量的大量增加对反应活性的提高效果甚微,最佳负载量为1.5%.La/C体系在反应中较稳定,而反应温度的升高对其稳定性不利.     

微电解-催化氧化-A/O法处理苯硫酚废水

采用微电解—催化氧化—A／O工艺处理苯硫酚生产废水，结果表明，该工艺对CODcr、石油类、挥发酚、苯、甲苯各项污染物指标均有较好的去除效果，整个工艺运行稳定。只要控制好各个处理环节，出水水质能达到国家一级排放标准。     

活性炭-双氧水催化氧化法深度处理DSD酸废水的研究

以活性炭为催化剂、H2O2为氧化剂的催化氧化技术来处理DSD酸母液树脂吸附出水。处理效果比单纯的活性炭吸附或H2O2氧化要好的多。在温度25℃，线速度0．10m／h，pH3．50，H2O2添加量0．35％，处理500mL水样后，脱色率达到90%以上，TOC去除率达到40．0％以上。     

Trace elements, organochlorines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, dioxins, and furans in lesser scaup wintering on the Indiana Harbor Canal

During the winter of 1993-94, male lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) were collected on the heavily polluted Indiana Harbor Canal (IHC), East Chicago, IN, USA, and examined for tissue contaminant levels. Lesser scaup collected on the IHC had higher concentrations of cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), selenium (Se), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), selected organchlorine pesticides, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and aliphatic hydrocarbons than reference birds. Of the scaup collected on the IHC, 44% had Cd concentrations in the liver considered above background for freshwater waterfowl (>3 microg/g dry wt.), 50% had Se concentrations in the liver above a level possibly harmful to the health of young and adult birds (>33 microg/g dry wt.), and 88% of the scaup carcasses exceeded the PCB human consumption guidelines for edible poultry in the USA (>3.0 microg/g lipid wt.). The ratio of pristane:n-heptadecane concentrations in 47% of lesser scaup collected on IHC was elevated above 1.0, which is indicative of chronic exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons.     

不同粒度飞灰中16种微量元素的含量分布

研究了不同粒级的燃煤飞灰中的Ｂａ、Ｂｅ、Ｃｄ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｕ、Ｈｇ、Ｌｉ、Ｍｎ、Ｎｉ、Ｐｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｔｉ、Ｖ、Ｚｎ、Ｚｒ元素的含量分布,煤中元素的含量比及富集因子。     

Particulate matter pollution in Kunshan High-Tech zone: Source apportionment with trace elements, plume evolution and its monitoring

Particulate matter(PM) in the Kunshan High-Tech zone is studied during a three-month campaign. PM and trace elements are measured by the online pollution monitoring, forecastwarning and source term retrieval system AS3. Hourly measured concentrations of PM_(10), PM_(2.5) and 16 trace elements in the PM_(2.5) section(Ca, Pb, Cu, Cl, V, Cr, Fe, Ti, Mn, Ni, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Sr, Ba)are focused. Source apportionment of trace elements by Positive Matrix Factorization modeling indicates that there are five major sources, including dust, industrial processing, traffic,combustion, and sea salt with contribution rate of 23.68%, 21.66%, 14.30%, 22.03%, and 6.89%,respectively. Prediction of plume dispersion from concrete plant and traffic emissions shows that PM_(10) pollution of concrete plant is three orders of magnitude more than that of the traffic. The influence range can extend to more than 3 km in 1 hr. Because the footprint of the industrial plumes is constantly moving according to the local meteorological conditions, the fixed monitoring sites scattered in a few hundred meters haven't captured the heaviest pollution plume at the local scale of a few km~2. As a more intensive monitoring network is not operationally possible, the use of online modeling gives accurate and quantitative information of plume location, which increases the spatial pollution monitoring capacity and improves the understanding of measurement data. These results indicate that the development of the AS3 system, which combines monitoring equipment and air pollution modeling systems, is beneficial to the real-time pollution monitoring in the industrial zone.     

三维电极法处理苯酚废水影响因素研究

根据电解原理,采用自制三维电极反应器对苯酚废水进行处理。在pH值为3,反应时间为120min,电解电压为15V,极板间距为10cm,曝气强度为0.6m3/h反应条件下,苯酚和COD的最大去除率分别为89.1%和83.2%。表明三维电极法适用于处理浓度较高、且有毒性的废水,是快捷、经济、高效的废水处理方法。     

Two-step fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass for bio-oil production using microwave absorbent and HZSM-5 catalyst

A novel technology of two-step fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis(f MAP) of corn stover for bio-oil production was investigated in the presence of microwave absorbent(Si C) and HZSM-5catalyst. Effects of f MAP temperature and catalyst-to-biomass ratio on bio-oil yield and chemical components were examined. The results showed that this technology, employing microwave, microwave absorbent and HZSM-5 catalyst, was effective and promising for biomass fast pyrolysis. The f MAP temperature of 500°C was considered the optimum condition for maximum yield and best quality of bio-oil. Besides, the bio-oil yield decreased linearly and the chemical components in bio-oil were improved sequentially with the increase of catalyst-to-biomass ratio from 1:100 to 1:20. The elemental compositions of bio-char were also determined. Additionally, compared to one-step f MAP process, two-step f MAP could promote the bio-oil quality with a smaller catalyst-to-biomass ratio.     

碘代乙酸体外暴露诱导斑马鱼(Danio rerio)淋巴细胞内源性凋亡可能机理研究

以斑马鱼(Danio rerio)为试验生物,经淋巴细胞体外暴露试验,从细胞内源性凋亡角度,研究了饮用水消毒副产物—碘代乙酸诱导斑马鱼淋巴细胞损伤的致毒机理.结果表明,在碘代乙酸的环境浓度1μg·L-1下暴露24、36、48和96 h后,细胞凋亡率从对照组的3.52%分别增加到15.89%、22.47%、40.76%和52.13%,与对照组差异均为极显著(p0.01);线粒体膜电位分别较对照组下降了32.9%、50.1%、68.6%和81.5%,与对照组差异均为极显著(p0.01);细胞色素C的相对释放量分别增加了0.85、1.37、1.86和2.66倍,与对照组差异均为极显著(p0.01).暴露36、48和96 h后,Caspase-3酶活性分别增加了0.49、0.86和1.43倍,与对照组差异均为极显著(p0.01);Caspase-9酶活性分别增加了0.73、1.41和1.88倍,与对照组差异均为极显著(p0.01);抑制凋亡Bcl-2基因的相对表达量分别下降27.0%、35.3%和52.3%,与对照组差异均为极显著(p0.01);而促进凋亡的Bax基因相对表达量分别增加1.1、2.3和3.2倍,与对照组差异均为极显著(p0.01).碘代乙酸体外诱导斑马鱼淋巴细胞凋亡的可能机制是,线粒体膜电位的崩溃导致细胞色素C持续从线粒体中释放,进而引起细胞凋亡下游通路的变化;Bcl-2基因和Bax基因明显参与了对凋亡的调控.此外,Caspase-9酶的活化导致Caspase-3酶活化,最终引起细胞凋亡.