流动注射-荧光熄灭法测定水中的铜

采用单通道流动注射 -新试铜灵荧光熄灭法测定水环境中重金属离子Cu(Ⅱ )。在新试铜灵的浓度为 2 5×10 - 5mol L ,激发波长为 2 81nm ,发射波长为 419nm下 ,Cu(Ⅱ )浓度为 0 12 5～ 5mg L范围内 ,荧光强度与Cu(Ⅱ )浓度呈线性关系 ,检出限 0 0 76mg L ,进样速率 90次 min ,对 3mg L的Cu(Ⅱ ) 10次测定的相对标准偏差为 0 32 %～ 2 97% ,河水和矿井水中加标回收率为 95 %～ 10 5 %。该方法选择性好 ,适合于水环境大批量样品中微量铜的快速测定     

Sustainable three‐well pumping strategy for efficient detection monitoring near waste impoundments

Efficient monitoring systems addressing the difficulty of detecting narrow contaminant plumes originating from unknown point sources are needed for modern landfills. A low‐discharge extraction and accompanying injection wells could potentially address this problem. This hypothetical computer‐modeling study involved a three‐well detection system consisting of one extraction and two injection wells at a rectangular landfill in a shallow, unconfined aquifer. The extraction and injection wells were located near the landfill's downgradient and cross‐gradient corners, respectively. Each injection well pumped at half the rate of the extraction well. A minimum pumping rate of 1.1 cubic meters per day was determined for the three‐well system; at this rate, all contaminant plumes originating within the landfill's footprint entered the extraction well prior to reaching a downgradient property boundary. In comparison, five passive (not pumped) wells detected all contaminant releases from the landfill. Results of this study suggest that a low‐discharge extraction well with accompanying injection wells may be an effective contaminant detection strategy at some waste impoundments.     

油田高压注汽盐析及预防研究

本文分析研究了油田注汽系统盐析现象及其成因和危害,并根据盐析成因探索了预防注汽盐析方法以减少甚至消除其危害。通过研究确定,采用高压旋流饱和蒸发与低压闪蒸和多效蒸集成技术是预防注汽系统盐析并减少甚至消除盐析及其造成的危害较为有效的方法。     

流动注射分析法测定底质中总磷的研究

在一定的温度下,用硫酸和高氯酸进行消解,使不溶性磷酸盐和有机磷转化为正磷酸盐进入溶液.酸性条件下,待测液在酒石酸锑钾的催化下,与钼酸铵反应生成磷钼酸化合物.该化合物与抗坏血酸反应生成蓝色络合物.该络合物在880 nm比色.实验结果表明,底质中的总磷的RSD＜ 2％,回收率91％～103％,精密度和准确度满足实验要求.因此,流动注射分析法适用于底质中总磷的监测.     

沿面放电氧活性物质注入协同SCR脱除烟气中NO_x

为了提高选择性催化还原(SCR)在低温区(200℃)的脱硝性能,提出利用插在烟道中的沿面放电反应器生成氧活性物质,部分氧化NO以实现低温快速SCR脱硝过程.同时,研究了氧活性物质注入实现快速SCR的脱硝性能,考察了氧活性物质注入降低二氧化硫和水蒸汽对SCR反应的影响.实验结果表明:在模拟烟气温度为150℃时,采用氧活性物质注入,部分氧化烟气中的NO以实现快速SCR反应条件下(NO/NO2浓度比为1),脱硝效率为51.9%,比标准SCR提升23%;当模拟烟气中存在SO2或H2O时,氧活性物质注入可有效降低SO2、H2O对SCR脱硝效率的影响.     

Economic analysis of atmospheric mercury emission control for coal-fired power plants in China

Coal combustion and mercury pollution are closely linked, and this relationship is particularly relevant in China, the world's largest coal consumer. This paper begins with a summary of recent China-specific studies on mercury removal by air pollution control technologies and then provides an economic analysis of mercury abatement from these emission control technologies at coal-fired power plants in China. This includes a cost-effectiveness analysis at the enterprise and sector level in China using 2010 as a baseline and projecting out to 2020 and 2030. Of the control technologies evaluated, the most cost-effective is a fabric filter installed upstream of the wet flue gas desulfurization system (FF + WFGD). Halogen injection (HI) is also a cost-effective mercury-specific control strategy, although it has not yet reached commercial maturity. The sector-level analysis shows that 193 tons of mercury was removed in 2010 in China's coal-fired power sector, with annualized mercury emission control costs of 2.7 billion Chinese Yuan. Under a projected 2030 Emission Control (EC) scenario with stringent mercury limits compared to Business As Usual (BAU) scenario, the increase of selective catalytic reduction systems (SCR) and the use of HI could contribute to 39 tons of mercury removal at a cost of 3.8 billion CNY. The economic analysis presented in this paper offers insights on air pollution control technologies and practices for enhancing atmospheric mercury control that can aid decision-making in policy design and private-sector investments.     

流动注射在线UV消解测定环境水体中的总氮研究

采用San++流动分析仪在线UV消解测定环境水体中的总氮,样品浓度在0.00~5.0 mg/L与峰高有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 6)。进行了标准样品考核和实际水样的流动注射法和国标方法的比对分析。实验结果表明:采用流动注射在线消解测定水中TN,其标样测定值均在保证值范围内,相对标准偏差小于3%;两种方法测定实际水样的结果无显著性差异且具有很好的一致性,加标回收实验的回收率在90.0%~97.7%之间,能满足地表水及排放废水中TN监测要求。     

流动注射分光光度法测定废水中挥发酚

基于４－氨基安替比林显色原理,采用流动注射技术,建立了炼油废水中挥发酚的快速测定方法。分析速率为每小时４０个试样,线性范围为０．７５－２３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ。对１．５０ｍｇ／Ｌ苯酚标准溶液连续测定１０次,相对标准偏差为２．８％。对炼油废水样,本法测定结果与标准方法无显著性差异。     

文南油田注水管线防污染清洗技术研究

针对文南油田注水管线内壁结垢对油田注水的危害,以及管线常规清洗中存在的环境污染和硫化氢中毒问题,进行了注水管线防污染清洗技术的研究。通过分析消除硫化氢的反应机理,配制了三种常规清洗剂和两组硫化氢抑制剂,并将清洗剂与抑制剂复配后进行脱垢实验,从而优选出最佳复配剂(MF-1-B),经过现场试验,排酸口空气中硫化氢浓度为3～5mg/m3。防污染清洗技术的开发应用使文南油田注水管网得到了及时、全面的清洗,水质达标率由清洗前的30%上升到100%。     

流动注射分光光度法测定水中硫化物

采用流动注射分光光度法测定水中的硫化物，在酸化条件下，通过在线蒸馏释放出H：S气体，在酸性介质中与对氨基二甲基苯胺和三氯化铁反应，形成亚甲基蓝，于660nm处比色测定。方法检出限为0．004mg／L，精密度和准确度均较好，操作简便，能满足大批量水样及时准确分析的需求。