铜（Ⅱ）－二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠－乳化剂OP光度法测定土壤有效铜

本文研究了二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠（铜试剂）水相光度法测定微量铜（Ⅱ）的条件．在乳化剂ＯＰ（聚乙二醇辛基本基醚）存在的情况下．在ｐＨ８．５的缓冲介质中，铜（Ⅱ）与铜试剂形成棕黄色的配合物，显色体系在４５４ｎｍ处有最大吸收，其表观摩尔吸光系数为１．４３×１０４Ｌ／ｍｏｌ·ｃｍ，铜（Ⅱ）含量在０－６０μｇ／２５ｍｌ范围内服从比耳定律．该方法简便、快速，应用于土壤有效铜的测定，结果与原子吸收法基本一致．     

乳化剂OP和邻菲啰啉存在下硫氰酸钾分光光度法测定土壤有效铁和植物中的铁

在硫酸介质中，在非离子表面活性剂乳化剂ＯＰ和邻菲啉共同存在下，铁（Ⅲ）与硫氰酸钾形成红色配合物，其最大吸收波长为５２２ｎｍ，表观摩尔吸光系数为２．０７…１０￣４Ｌ／ｍｏｌ．ｃｍ，铁（Ⅲ）含量在０—５０μｇ／２５ｍｌ范围内符合比耳定律．该法操作简便、快速．选择性好，应用于土壤有效铁和植物中铁的测定．结果令人满意．     

植物离体快繁中若干关键技术的预防措施

菌类污染，褐变现象和玻璃化现象，是植物离体快繁中的三大难题，现已严重影响植物离体培养与快繁体系的建立．本文较详细地论述了这三大难题出现的原因，进而提出预防及控制的措施。     

衍生化气相色谱法测定黄磷诱发氧化水中苯酚降解产物

利用衍生化气相色谱法对黄磷诱发氧化苯酚降解产物进行了研究，在磷酸存在下，以甲醇作酯类衍行生试剂，分别和ＳＥ－５２和ＨＰ－１７石英毛细管双柱结合ＧＣ－ＭＳ进行分离定性定量，黄磷诱发氧化苯酚降解产物以羧酸为主，在反应温度５０℃时，表现为一级反应特征，速率常数（Ｋ）：０．０７７ｍｉｎ＾－１，半衰期（ｔ１／２）：９．０ｍｉｎ。     

广州市菜园土和蔬菜中镉含量水平及污染评价

探讨了广州市各区、市菜园土和蔬菜中的重金属Cd污染状况,测定了95份土壤样品以及292份蔬菜样品中的镉含量,并对广州市各区市菜园土中Cd污染程度进行了评价。研究结果表明,不同种类的蔬菜中,叶菜类对重金属Cd的吸收和富集较高,瓜豆类较低。蔬菜中重金属Cd的含量受土壤中Cd含量的影响。与国内其它城市相比,广州市蔬菜地土壤中的Cd平均含量处于较高水平;蔬菜则以海珠、番禺两区Cd含量相对较高,高于其它城市的含量水平。     

The Botanist Effect Revisited: Plant Species Richness, County Area, and Human Population Size in the United States

Abstract:  The "botanist effect" is thought to be the reason for higher plant species richness in areas where botanists are disproportionately present as an artefactual consequence of a more thorough sampling. We examined whether this was the case for U.S. counties. We collated the number of species of vascular plants, human population size, and the area of U.S. counties. Controlling for spatial autocorrelation and county area, plant species richness increased with human population size and density in counties with and without universities and/or botanical gardens, with no significant differences in the relation between the two subsets. This is consistent with previous findings and further evidence of a broad-scale positive correlation between species richness and human population presence, which has important consequences for the experience of nature by inhabitants of densely populated regions. Combined with the many reports of a negative correlation between the two variables at a local scale, the positive relation between plant species richness in U.S. counties and human population presence stresses the need for the conservation of seminatural areas in urbanized ecosystems and for the containment of urban and suburban sprawl.     

The Impact of the Hyperacid Ijen Crater Lake. Part I: Concentrations of Elements in Crops and Soil

In Asembagus (East Java, Indonesia) irrigation water is contaminated with effluent from the hyperacid Ijen Crater Lake resulting in a low pH and high levels of various elements. As a first step towards a risk assessment, locally produced food items (rice, maize, cassava leaf, cassava root, peanuts) were collected and concentrations of As, B, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, V, Zn were compared to samples from a reference area and with literature values. Further, concentrations in rice were compared to total soil concentrations in paddy fields. Compared to the reference area, food items produced in the contaminated area had increased levels of Cd, Co, Ni and Mn in particular, while levels of Mo were lower. In contrast, total soil concentrations of Cd and Mn in particular have decreased whereas especially Mo was increased. In combination with the observed soil acidification, it is likely that the bioavailable concentration of most elements in the contaminated soil is higher (except for Mo) due to an increased weathering rate and/or input via the contaminated irrigation water. In terms of human health, concentrations in foods were generally within normal literature values. However, it was observed that essential elements (in particular Fe) known for their inhibitory effects on e.g. Cd and Mn toxicity did not accumulate in crops whereas Cd and Mn did.     

大气污染指示植物的研究

自50年代以来.为寻找一种经济、实用和灵敏的方法来监测环境变化,开展了大量大气污染指示植物的研究.这些工作包括用植物叶片典型症状、树皮、草本植物、附生植物指示气体污染(O_3、PANs、NO_x、SO_2、HF、乙烯等)、粉尘以及重金属污染.进入80年代以后,有关研究集中到利用植物富集的污染物含量结合计算机等先进技术指示和监测大气环境变化及进行大气质量评价.本文对国内外开展的大气污染指示植物研究的历史及其主要方法作了简要介绍,并就利用植物指示和监测大气污染的若干问题进行了探讨.     

源于大气的氟在水稻不同器官的分布及对糙米含氟量的影响

用开顶式熏气罩熏气的方法,研究了气源氟在水稻不同器官的分布及对糙米含氟量的影响。结果表明:气源氟主要分布于水稻叶片中,根含氟量不受气源氟的影响;籽粒含氟量取决于籽粒器官形成后空气氟浓度,与籽粒器官形成前的空气氟浓度无关;糙米氟含量与水稻抽穗齐穗后所暴露的氟剂量间呈极显著线性相关关系。     

用黑麦幼苗法测定土壤中污染元素的生物有效性

本文对全国污灌区１２个土样中Ｃｄ形态与生物有效性的试验表明，Ｃｄ的交换态，吸附态，有机结合态均有效，且有机结合态最为有效，对紫阳县富硒土壤的试验表明：黑麦幼苗中的总Ｓｅ量与０．１ｍｏｌ／１ＫＨ２ＰＯ４的浸提量最为相关，从而推荐该法为酸性土壤有效Ｓｅ的浸提方法，对西安污水厂污水污泥在娄土上不同施用量的试验表明：幼苗中Ｎ，Ｐ随施用量增加而增加，Ｎ，Ｐ的有效率分别为５０－７０％及１５－２８％；黑麦幼苗中