我国火电行业NO_x排放现状及烟气脱氮技术发展

介绍了我国火电行业NOx的排放现状以及部分烟气脱氮技术的研究和应用现状,分析了脱氮技术存在的问题和发展方向。     

A bioaugmentation failure caused by phage infection and weak biofilm formation ability

Two biological aerated filters (BAF) were setup for ammonia removal treatment of the circulation water in a marine aquaculture. One of the BAFs was bioaugmented with a heterotrophic nitrifying bacterium, Lutimonas sp. H10, where the ammonia removal was not improved and the massive inoculation was even followed by a nitrification breakdown from day 9 to 18. The nitrification was remained stable in control BAF operated under the same conditions. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with rRNA-targeted probes and cultivable method revealed that Lutimonas sp. H10 almost disappeared from the bioaugomented BAF within 3 d, and this was mainly due to the infection of a specific phage as revealed by flask experiment, plaque assay and transmission electron observation. Analyses of 16S rRNA gene libraries showed that bacterial groups from two reactors evolved di erently and an overgrowth of protozoa was observed in the bioaugmented BAF. Therefore, phage infection and poor biofilm forming ability of the inoculated strain are the main reasons for bioaugmentation failure. In addition, grazing by protozoa of the bacteria might be the reason for the nitrification breakdown in bioaugmented BAF during day 9–18.     

Combined toxicity of copper and cadmium to six rice genotypes （Oryza sativa L.）

Accumulation of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) in six rice cultivars (94D-22, 94D-54, 94D-64, Gui630, YY-1 and KY1360) was evaluated through exposure to heavy metal contamination (100 mg/kg Cu, 1.0 mg/kg Cd, and 100 mg/kg Cu + 1.0 mg/kg Cd) in a greenhouse. The dry weight of shoot and root, concentrations of Cu and Cd in plant tissues and the Cu, Cd, P, Fe concentrations in the root surface iron plaques were analyzed eight weeks later after treatment. The results indicated that the plant biomass was mainly determined by rice genotypes, not Cu and Cd content in soil. Separated treatment with Cu/Cd increased each metal level in shoot, root and iron plaques. Soil Cu enhanced Cd accumulation in tissues. In contrast, Cu concentrations in shoot and root was unaffected by soil Cd. Compared to single metal contamination, combined treatment increased Cd content by 110.6%, 77.0% and 45.2% in shoot, and by 112.7%, 51.2% and 18.4% in root for Gui630, YY-1 and KY1360, respectively. The content level of Cu or Cd in root surface iron plaques was not affected by their soil content. Cu promoted Fe accumulation in iron plaques, while Cd has no effect on P and Fe accumulation in it. The translocation of Cu and Cd from iron plaques to root and shoot was also discussed. These results might be beneficial in selecting cultivars with low heavy metal accumulation and designing strategies for soil bioremediation.     

武汉阳逻砾石层ESR地层年代学研究

武汉"阳逻砾石层"是长江中下游新生代的一个重要的岩石地层单位,其形成年代一直是地质和地理学者关注的重要问题。为了更深入地探讨这一问题,在它的两个典型的剖面中采集了8个样品进行ESR地质年代测试,测试结果表明,阳逻砾石层形成于新近纪早更新世中晚期。将本次ESR测年数据与前人的热释光的测年数据、江汉平原西缘和北缘相同岩石地层层位和相同地貌位置的砾石层的测年数据、长江中下游网纹砾石层的测年数据比较发现,它们具有较好的一致性。     

密闭环境空调系统二次污染问题研究

密闭环境空调系统存在一系列特殊的室内空气品质问题.详细介绍了密闭空间空调系统二次污染的现状、对人员健康的影响、控制措施.提出2种解决空调系统二次污染问题的思路:终点控制和起点控制.终点控制措施和起点控制措各有其优点及缺点,适用范围也不一样.潜艇、深水工作船、宇宙飞船等密闭空间空调系统要根治二次污染问题,必须起点控制和终点控制相结合,在工程实践中逐步摸索出适用的方法.     

基于分形方法确定合肥大兴地区土壤中Cd元素的异常下限

在土壤元素异常下限值的确定对环境地球化学评价具有重要意义,传统异常下限值计算方法仅适用于元素含量数据呈正态分布的情况,而事实上土壤元素含量的空间分布极其复杂,很可能具有多重分形分布特征,元素背景和异常有各自独立的幂指数关系。本文探讨利用分形方法确定典型工业区土壤中Cd元素的异常下限值。基于分形的含量一面积方法确定了合肥大兴地区（典型工业区）土壤中污染元素Cd的异常下限值为0．445mg／kg,并根据该异常下限值圈定了异常范围。同时与传统方法（平均值加两倍标准离差）确定的土壤中Cd元素异常下限值及异常范围进行了对比分析,结果显示,分形方法圈定的异常区域是有效的、合理的,控制了区内主要的导致土壤Cd元素污染的企业。     

甜菜制糖生产废水处理技术研究

甜菜制糖工业废水由于其流量大、有机物浓度高、且季节性生产的特点,使得污水处理工艺难以按照常规方式进行。本研究选择适合北方地区特点、运行费用低、再启动快捷的水解-好氧-化学氧化-混凝沉淀的处理工艺,将生化与物化方法相结合,最后达到理想的效果,也为同类型工业污水的处理提供参考经验。     

稻壳的资源化利用与节能减排的思考

稻壳是稻谷加工过程中最大的副产品,我国稻壳资源丰富,但目前并没有被充分有效地利用,即浪费了资源、又污染了环境。随着经济与社会的发展,在资源消耗量不断加大的同时,研究稻壳的合理利用,使稻壳资源化、变废为宝,解决污染问题,实现节能减排目标。     

红外分光光度法测定水中动植物油的不确定度评定

文章对红外分光光度法测定水中动植物油的不确定度来源进行了分析,构造出合理的数学模型,确定了各输入量之间的关系,量化各分量后,合成得到满意的结果。从而提出,根据被测量及其所依赖的输入量之间的关系构造数学模型,并综合运用不同的评定方法对各个分量进行量化,可实现对某些检测项目的不确定度评定。     

某电子废弃物拆卸区土壤、水和农作物中砷含量状况研究

为研究电子废弃物拆卸、废旧金属冶炼等是否对周围环境造成砷积累和污染,选取浙江省台州路桥区为调查对象,通过测定在该区采集的水、沉积物、土壤以及稻米和蔬菜中的砷,以了解该地区环境中砷的含量特征和潜在风险,并对土壤-水稻系统砷的分布和吸收转运规律进行了初步分析.结果表明,地表水和地下水砷含量平均值分别为 8.26μg/L和18.52μg/L,部分地下水超过WHO推荐的饮用水标准(10μg/L),但没有超过我国相关环境标准Ⅲ级限值(50μg/L).沉积物砷含量平均值为9.62mg/kg.水田土壤和菜地砷含量平均值分别为7.11mg/kg和6.17mg/kg,均在一级标准范围内,该区农田土壤总体上未受砷的污染.糙米和蔬菜中的砷平均值分别为165.1μg/kg和144.2μg/kg,均未超过我国规定的食品卫生标准.土壤-米糠-糙米中砷含量之间相关性显著.冶炼源周围的土壤和米糠中砷含量较其他源高,可能已经对周围土壤-水稻砷积累产生影响.