Fused CFD-interpolation model for real-time prediction of hazardous gas dispersion in emergency rescue

Accidental releases of hazardous gases in chemical industries can pose great threats to public security. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is commonly applied to predict gas dispersion in complex structured areas. It can provide good accuracy but it is too time-consuming to be used in emergency response. To reduce computation time while keep acceptable accuracy, this paper proposes several fused CFD-interpolation models which combine CFD model with different interpolation methods. Spline, linear and nearest interpolation methods are used. A CFD simulations database is created ahead of time which can be quickly recalled for emergency usage and unknown situations can be predicted instantly by interpolation methods instead of time-consuming CFD model. Fused models were applied to a case study involving a hypothetical propane release with varying conditions and validated against CFD model. The validation shows that prediction accuracy of these fusion models is acceptable. Among these models, CFD-Spline interpolation model performs best. It is faster than CFD model by a factor of 75 and is potentially a good method to be applied to real-time prediction.     

疏松砂岩油气藏出砂风险及机理离散元分析*

为了进一步了解疏松砂岩储层开发过程中的出砂机理,基于PFC3D平台构建离散元模型用于分析疏松砂岩储层出砂风险,探究生产压差等因素对地层出砂的影响。结果表明:较高生产压差下地层流体流速较快,流体对砂粒的拖曳力较大,出砂较严重,生产压差为4.5 MPa时出砂量比3.0,1.5 MPa分别高34.86%和75.45%;地层流体黏度的升高会降低其对砂粒的拖曳,一定程度上减弱出砂程度,流体黏度在1 000 mPa·s时出砂量比100,10 mPa·s下分别低42.50%和54.27%;较大地应力差异条件下砂粒间相互作用较强,砂粒更易脱离岩石骨架而出砂,地应力差异系数为1.75时出砂量是1.25时的2.51倍;另外,内聚力较低的储层砂粒间黏聚力较低,相同生产条件下更易出砂。研究结果可用于预测疏松砂岩储层出砂及定制防砂方案。     

基于Mogi-Coulomb强度准则的井壁稳定性力学分析新方法*

传统井壁坍塌失稳分析模型是基于M-C破坏准则而建立的,该方法忽略了中间主应力对岩石强度的影响,常使得预测的钻井液密度过于保守。为此,引入考虑中间主应力的Mg-C破坏准则建立任意井眼的井壁稳定性评价新模型,通过数值模拟法分析了不同地应力状态下的井斜角和方位角对井壁稳定性的影响。研究结果表明: Mg-C准则克服了M-C准则忽略中间主应力低估岩石强度的影响,其计算结果略低于M-C准则的计算结果,有助于提高钻速,降低钻井成本;正断层地应力状态时,沿最小水平主应力方向钻进时,井壁稳定性最好;走滑断层地应力状态时,沿最大与最小水平主应力之间的某一临界角钻进时井壁最稳定;逆断层地应力状态时,沿最大水平主应力方向钻进时井壁最稳定;该模型有助于指导现场钻井井眼轨迹的优化设计及安全施工。     

新型三维电化学氧化体系处理压裂返排液

采用不锈钢作阴极、镀钌铱的钛板作阳极、铁碳材料作粒子电极,构建新型三维电化学氧化体系,处理压裂返排液,并通过响应曲面法考察COD去除率和除油率的影响因素。实验结果表明:回归方程的相关系数及校正相关系数均大于0.9,回归方程的线性关系显著;返排液COD去除率和除油率影响因素的大小顺序均为电流电解时间粒子填充比,其中关键因素是电流,电解时间和粒子填充比之间的交互作用具有较大影响;在电解时间为31.8 min、电流为4.4 A、粒子填充比为61.2%的条件下,COD从606.4 mg/L降至68.5 mg/L,含油量从153.7 mg/L降至9.1 mg/L,达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中的一级标准。     

流固耦合下U型金属波纹管损耗因子研究

利用模态分析的方法对有、无介质以及波高、波厚对波纹管损耗因子的影响进行了研究,根据数值分析结果,得到了波纹管不同参数对损耗因子的影响变化曲线。结果表明,介质压力在3.2 MPa处存在一个损耗因子峰值;集中力的拉/压力对损耗因子的影响规律是相反的,拉力增加损耗因子减小而压力增加损耗因子增加;波高与损耗因子之间近似存在一种线性关系;壁厚为0.8 mm时损耗因子值最小。最后,通过试验验证了有限元模型和数值分析的可靠性和准确性。     

循环流动系统的压力调节及能量消耗问题

本项目对立式循环流动系统内气体压力、流量变化的调节控制方法,通风机的能量消耗等实际工程问题,进行了一系列的试验研究。其研究成果可以用于其他工程设计项目,对提高我国通风除尘系统的设计质量有一定的现实意义。     

湿法烟气脱硫雾化喷嘴的数值模拟

用计算流体力学软件Fluent进行脱硫雾化喷嘴的内部流场的数值模拟,为喷嘴的优化设计找到一种准确、经济又快捷的方法,对加快脱硫设备国产化有一定的参考意义.     

管道内甲烷-空气预混爆炸燃烧的数值模拟

在实际生产过程中,有很多情况能使气体燃料与空气混合,达到可燃浓度,此时若有点火源存在,就可能酿成燃烧、爆炸灾害,造成严重的财产损失和人员伤亡.选取甲烷作为研究对象,选用空气作为氧化性气体,对其进行数值模拟.获得了不同时刻爆燃的压力场、温度场、密度场的变化数据,为工程上防爆、抑爆、泄爆提供了理论基础和数据.     

Investigating differential binding of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans in soil and soil components using selective supercritical fluid extraction

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with pure carbon dioxide was performed at increasingly strong conditions to investigate differential binding of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in two impacted soils, in their sieved size fractions, and in small (a few mg) samples of industry-related waste products separated from impacted soil. The binding strengths of PCDD/Fs were shown to be different in the two soils, and in their different soil particle size fractions. As might be expected based on surface area considerations, one soil showed the strongest binding in the smallest (<5 μm) sieved fraction. However, the other soil showed the strongest binding in the larger sized fractions, possibly indicating that process-related particles could be controlling PCDD/F binding. Selective SFE of various types of particles including black carbon and charcoal (separated from soil), and from a suspected process anode residue did show different PCDD/F binding behavior ranging from quite weak binding (charcoal) to very strong binding (anode particles). Shifts to the stronger SFE fractions in the soils after activated carbon treatment agreed well with the decreases previously found in the uptake of PCDD/Fs by earthworms, as well as decreases in their freely-dissolved aqueous concentrations in soil/water slurries. These results show that, as previously demonstrated for PAHs and PCBs, selective SFE can be a useful tool to investigate differences in PCDD/F binding behaviors in impacted soils and sediments and their component parts, as well as a rapid tool for estimating the effectiveness of activated carbon treatments on decreasing the bioavailability of PCDD/Fs in soils and sediments.     

利用计算流体力学模拟技术对某水解酸化池的改进

利用计算流体力学模拟技术,采用三维、稳态、k-ε紊流模型,结合多重参考系模型、弥散相模型及组分输运和化学反应模型,对江苏某污水处理厂水解酸化池进行了模拟。结果表明：水解酸化池内流速分布很不均匀;池内存在大片回流区域以及流速几乎为零的区域,区域总体积占池容的50%以上;平均水力停留时间约为1 480 s,远达不到设计值。结合模拟结果,提出了改进方案。改进后的模拟结果表明：水解酸化池内水流流速分布均匀性大大提高;大片的回流区域消失,速度几乎为零的区域面积也大大减小;水解酸化池的空间得到充分利用,水下推进器的作用也更加明显;平均水力停留时间约为15 340 s,和设计值十分接近。但是仍存在一些不足：水流流速分布的均匀性仍存在一定缺陷;只考虑了单相流,没有考虑池中污泥的作用。