Improving the prenatal diagnosis of citrullinemia using citrulline/ornithine+arginine ratio in amniotic fluid

Prenatal diagnosis of citrullinemia is performed using a direct argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) assay on chorionic villi (CV) and citrulline concentration measurement in early amniotic fluid (AF). Here we report the results of 40 prenatal diagnoses performed using this method, discuss the difficulties encountered in interpreting the results, and propose the use of the citrulline/ornithine+arginine ratio (which is more discriminatory than citrulline concentration alone) when performing prenatal diagnosis of citrullinemia. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A simple method for preparing prometaphase chromosomes from amniotic fluid cell cultures

A simple method for preparing prometaphase chromosomes from amniotic fluid cell cultures is described. The technique is based upon several key steps including: (1) reduced colcemid concentration, (2) reduced exposure to trypsin-EDTA, and (3) maintaining cells in single suspension by adjusting cell concentration appropriately. Chromosomes with banding resolution up ot 800 bands per haploid set can be routinely produced. The described methodology is particularly useful in defining and establishing the clinical significance of subtle structural aberrations.     

有限水域棒束附连水质量计算方法

目的给棒束型核反应堆等类似结构的抗冲击性能设计提供一定理论依据。方法首先通过势流理论计算得出单棒速度势,再利用泰勒展开和坐标变换数学方法计算得出棒束在流体中产生的总势,继而导出棒束的附连水质量。结果从公式中获得了棒束附连水质量与棒距边界距离、棒间距、棒数及棒各阶模态之间的相互关系。结论该公式经有限元仿真计算和试验验证是合理的,可作为棒束型反应堆等类似结构抗冲击设计的依据。     

基于剪切增稠液体的变阻尼隔振器动力学特性研究

目的研究一种具有变阻尼特性的剪切增稠液体(STF)隔振器。方法首先采用二氧化硅纳米颗粒和聚乙二醇200为工作介质合成剪切增稠液体,通过试验研究剪切增稠液体的流变特性。之后以剪切增稠液体为工作介质,设计一种活塞液压式减振增稠液体隔振器,建立隔振器的动力学模型,并通过数值仿真研究了该隔振器的减振性能;最后,研究剪切增稠液体隔振器隔振性能影响因素。结果当远离共振频率时,隔振器具有小阻尼特性;在共振区附近,由于剪切增稠效应,隔振器阻尼骤然增加,实现对共振峰的有效抑制。结论剪切增稠液隔振器可有效抑制共振峰,同时不会对高频隔振性能产生不利影响,有效解决了传统隔振器线性阻尼的固有缺点。     

Control of exhaled SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosols in the interpersonal breathing microenvironment in a ventilated room with limited space air stability

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) highlights the importance of understanding and controlling the spread of the coronavirus between persons. We experimentally and numerically investigated an advanced engineering and environmental method on controlling the transmission of airborne SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosols in the breathing microenvironment between two persons during interactive breathing process by combining the limited space air stability and a ventilation method. Experiments were carried out in a full-scale ventilated room with different limited space air stability conditions, i.e., stable condition, neutral condition and unstable condition. Two real humans were involved to conducted normal breathing process in the room and the exhaled carbon dioxide was used as the surrogate of infectious airborne SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosols from respiratory activities. A correspondent numerical model was established to visualize the temperature field and contaminated field in the test room. Results show that the performance of a ventilation system on removing infectious airborne SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosols from the interpersonal breathing microenvironment is dependent on the limited space air stability conditions. Appropriate ventilation method should be implemented based on an evaluation of the air condition. It is recommended that total volume ventilation methods are suitable for unstable and neutral conditions and local ventilation methods are preferable for stable conditions. This study provides an insight into the transmission of airborne SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosols between persons in ventilated rooms with different limited space air stability conditions. Useful guidance has been provided to cope with COVID-19 in limited spaces.     

鼓泡和鼓泡-搅拌SBR好氧污泥颗粒化能耗分析

在高径比20的鼓泡SBR和高径比1.2的鼓泡-搅拌SBR反应器中,考察了好氧污泥颗粒化过程中,污泥粒径、分形维数、微生物特性的变化.建立流体动力学模型,对鼓泡和鼓泡-搅拌反应器中好氧颗粒污泥形成前后的能耗进行对比分析,从水力学角度分析2个反应器污泥特性出现差异的原因.结果表明,鼓泡反应器内在表观气速2.0cm/s条件下形成了均值粒径0.604mm,平均沉降速度（24±5.8） m/h,SVI 36.33mL/g,MLSS维持在4500mg/L左右,表面光滑的好氧颗粒污泥.鼓泡-搅拌反应器在搅拌速度300r/min、表观气速1.05cm/s的条件下,成功培养以丝状菌为骨架的好氧颗粒污泥,均值粒径可达1.123mm,污泥的平均沉降速度为（19.6±5.1） m/h,SVI为41.33mL/g,MLSS维持在3300mg/L左右.好氧颗粒污泥形成前后的能耗进行对比分析发现：好氧颗粒污泥培养初期,鼓泡-搅拌反应器因搅拌桨的加入,获得的湍动能远大于鼓泡反应器,约为100倍左右;而好氧颗粒形成之后,鼓泡反应器中上部位置的湍动能明显增加,且湍动能的大小大于鼓泡-搅拌反应器.相比较而言,鼓泡反应器相对节约能量.     

地铁内楼梯口处全尺寸火灾实验与数值模拟

建立了地铁实体模型，开展了地铁火灾实验研究，测量了站台与站厅之间的楼梯处的速度和温度等火灾参数。同时利用火灾动力学模拟程序软件对地铁站台火灾进行了数值模拟，研究了地铁站台和站厅连接楼梯处温度和烟气速度的变化趋势，并与实验结果作了对比分析，验证了数值模拟结果的有效性。研究结果可为有效控制烟气在地铁中的蔓延和组织人员疏散提供技术支持。     

压裂返排液的处理及回用

制备了沸石负载纳米TiO_2催化剂和蒙脱土负载纳米零价铁吸附剂,结合传统处理技术,构建了"絮凝—预氧化(Fenton氧化)—沸石负载纳米TiO_2催化臭氧氧化—蒙脱土载负纳米零价铁吸附"组合工艺,处理压裂返排液,考察了影响COD去除效果的因素。实验结果表明:在催化剂投加量1.0 g/L、臭氧通入时间5 min、吸附剂投加量5.0 g/L、吸附时间4 h的最佳条件下,COD从原水的4 032.60 mg/L降至37.03 mg/L,处理后出水各项指标均达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中的一级标准;80℃下,出水回用配制的压裂液黏度为4.4 mPa·s,高于自来水配制和压裂返排液配制的压裂液,耐温性有一定提升。     

Cultured amniotic fluid cells for prenatal diagnosis of lysosomal storage disorders: A methodological study

The influence of culture conditions on the ultrastructure and enzyme activities of amniotic fluid cells are reported. Morphological changes were determined as a function of the number of lysosomal-like inclusion bodies per cell, and these results correlated to the activity of Thiexosaminidase, a-mannosidase, β-glucuronidase, arylsulphatase C and 5′ nucleotidase. The parameters examined were pH of the culture media, type of media, increasing cell passage and day of harvest. Our results indicate that enzyme activities are less sensitive to changes in culture conditions as compared to ultrastructural changes. We therefore recommend that in order to obtain reliable ultrastructural results for the diagnosis of storage disorders, cultures should be grown in MEM as the culture medium, the pH of the medium carefully monitored to remain below pH 7·4, examining the cultures no later than the eighth cell passage and no later than the 10th day after subculture.     

Biamnial elevated alpha-fetoprotein and positive acetylcholinesterase in twins,one with anencephaly

Anencephaly in twin B was accompanied by elevated amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and a positive acetylcholinesterase (AChE) band on gel electrophoresis in both twin sacs, although twin A was normal. AChE results did not help distinguish the false positive AFP in this set of twins, implying that AChE may diffuse transamniotically as has been previously postulated for AFP. In light of the low concordance rate for neural tube defects in twins, patient counselling in this situation must include the information that AFP and AChE may be falsely elevated in normal twin when the other twin has a neural tube defect.