废酸的综合治理与资源化研究进展

通过对废酸处置行业的现状调查研究,探讨了双极膜法、结晶法、中和法、喷雾焙烧法、离子交换法、化学转化法等典型废酸处置工艺的特点及存在的问题。以提高环境和经济效益为前提,针对废酸处置行业普遍存在的重金属处理问题,提出将电解法、双极膜法和离子交换法等关键技术集成和改性,形成具有耐酸和重金属高效去除等能力的针对废酸特点的新工艺等建议。     

用循环经济理念构建沈阳西部生态工业走廊

从沈阳市建设西部工业走廊的实际出发,提出运用循环经济理念,切实实现沈阳市西部工业走廊中化工、冶金、建材三个园区内各个企业内部、各园区内部企业之间、三个园区之间的物质集成、水和能量的梯级使用与信息集成,以及资源减量化、废物资源化的目标,为沈阳市西部工业走廊建设提供了有益的建议。     

基于循环经济理念构建我国未来的造纸业

造纸工业是我国制造业中为数不多的朝阳产业,也是污染较为严重的行业。在结合目前国内外造纸业发展现状的基础上,基于循环经济理念,从三个层面上探讨了如何构建我国未来的造纸业,提出了我国未来造纸业可持续发展模式:先组织企业内部的物质循环和能量梯级利用,其次结合自身和周边环境的特点构建有效产业链,同时积极开展废纸资源的回收利用以形成社会层面上的大循环,最终实现造纸业的可持续发展。     

水泥生产中CO2产生量计算及利用途径分析

CO2具有“温室效应”,可以加热地球,使冰川熔化、海平面升高、气候变暖。CO2是宝贵资源,可以回收利用,变废为宝。本文计算了水泥生产中CO2产生量,得出了每生产1t水泥将产生0.41tCO2气体。水泥生产中产生的CO2可以回收利用,并分析了其可利用途径。     

Leachability of dissolved chromium in asphalt and concrete surfacing materials

Leachate metal pollutant concentrations produced from different asphalt and concrete pavement surfacing materials were measured under controlled laboratory conditions. The results showed that, in general, the concentrations of most metal pollutants were below the reporting limits. However, dissolved chromium was detected in leachate from concrete (but not asphalt) specimens and more strongly in the early-time leachate samples. As the leaching continued, the concentration of Cr decreased to below or close to the reporting limit. The source of the chromium in concrete pavement was found to be cement. The concentration of total Cr produced from leachate of different cement coming from different sources that was purchased from retail distributors ranged from 124 to 641 μg/L. This result indicates that the potential leachability of dissolved Cr from concrete pavement materials can be reduced through source control. The results also showed that the leachability of dissolved Cr in hardened pavement materials was substantially reduced. For example, the concentration of dissolved Cr measured in actual highway runoff was found to be much lower than the Cr concentration produced from leachate of both open and dense graded concrete pavement specimens under controlled laboratory study. It was concluded that pavement materials are not the source of pollutants of concern in roadway runoff; rather most pollutants in roadway surface runoff are generated from other road-use or land-use sources, or from (wet or dry) atmospheric deposition.     

The essential oil qualitative and quantitative composition in the needles of Pinus sylvestris L. growing along industrial transects

The aim of this study was to evaluate composition of the essential oils in the needles of Pinus sylvestris growing in the areas affected by a cement factory (CF), and an oil refinery (OR). Volatile components of the needles were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The most heavily polluted CF stand had significantly higher concentration of gamma-Terpinene, Caryophyllene oxide in the current-year needles, while higher concentration of delta-3-Carene, alpha-Terpinene, gamma-Terpinene and Terpinolene was documented for 1-year-old needles. The most heavily polluted OR stand had a significantly higher concentration of Sabinene+beta-Pinene, 1-epi-Cubenol in the current-year needles and a significantly higher concentration of Camphene, Sabinene+beta-Pinene, Myrcene, alpha-Cadinene, 1-epi-Cubenol in the 1-year-old needles than the least polluted site. Along transects an increase in the amount of some diterpenes and a decrease in the components of the shorter chain essential oils was observed. These effects could be at least partially attributed to SO(2).     

环保投资和环保产业的国民经济影响作用研究

利用联合国SEEA中关于环保核算的基本理论及方法构建了环保产业外部化的投入产出表,并采用投入产出模型定量分析环保投资对国民经济的贡献作用以及环保产业的波及影响。实证结果表明:环保投资对GDP有较好带动作用,单位投资的拉动系数为1.41,占当年GDP的2.29%;环保产业的影响力系数均大于感应度系数,说明环保产业对国民经济增长的拉动作用大于同比例国民经济对环保产业的推动作用,环保产业已从收入导向型和经济拉动模式逐渐向经济带动模式转变。     

清洁生产在铸造业应用初步分析

清洁生产是实现铸造业可持续发展的重要组成部分,提出铸造业的具体清洁生产实施措施,阐明环境管理系统的建立是实施清洁生产的重要保障。     

Recycling contaminated soil as alternative raw material in cement facilities: Life cycle assessment

Volcanic soil can be used to remove metals from wastewaters. Once used, it is disposed in landfills. The utilization of this material in the cement industry as an alternative raw material was evaluated using life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. This possibility has been studied from an environmental point of view in a Chilean cement facility, representative of the current operation state of art, including both technical and economic analysis. Two scenarios were compared: Scenario 1, which corresponds to the existing cement production process, and Scenario 2, which represents cement production using spent volcanic soil. With the exception of the categories of carcinogens (C) and minerals (M), the comparative results are favourable to Scenario 2, specially regarding to the category of ecotoxicity (E), mainly due to the avoided landfilling emissions of the volcanic soil. When considering the damage assessment, damage to human health (HH), ecosystem quality (EQ) and resources (R) are lower in Scenario 2. In addition, sensitivity analyses were performed to study the influence of particular parameters (i.e., transport of spent volcanic soil, CO₂ emissions from the clinkerization process and heavy metals leaching from the spent volcanic soil) on the results of the assessment. The use of alternative raw materials (in this case, spent volcanic soil), which present the advantage to be wastes from other technical systems, appear to allow the development of cement production in a more sustainable way, slightly improving the economy of the process. The spent volcanic soil can be treated with zero cost for the wastewater treatment plant with savings of 0.23€ for each tonne of clinker production. Establishing a sound management way for the spent volcanic soil could foment its possible use as mineral adsorbent in industrial wastewater treatment facilities.     

推行生态工业促进云南经济发展

工业发展给人类带来了巨大的进步,同时也给环境造成了严重的破坏,发展生态工业是实现可持续发展的必由之路。云南省正处雀加速工业化进程的新时期,要在资源环境的承载范围内快速、平稳的提高整体经济水平,缩短与发达地区的距离,就必须结合自身优势,努力发展生态工业。本文论述了云南省发展生态工业的必要性,联系生态工业的实现措施,针对云南省工业发展的现状提出了一些建议。