缓解西北地区缺水问题的新途径

根据虚拟水与水足迹的理论与计算方法，对我国西北和中部地区虚拟水含量进行研究。首先计算2000年江西省主要农产品虚拟水含量和城乡居民生活消费虚拟水含量，得出粮食作物的虚拟水含量为28481×108 m3；城镇居民人均消费主要产品的虚拟水量为76827 m3；农村居民人均消费主要产品的虚拟水含量为67017 m3。然后在前人计算结果的基础上，将江西省与陕西省的城乡居民生活消费虚拟水含量进行比较分析，发现城镇居民人均消费粮食虚拟水含量都低于农村居民，陕西省居民人均消费虚拟水含量中粮食虚拟水含量比重大于江西省居民。通过进一步研究居民的消费结构，得出调整区域生产与消费结构，增加虚拟水贸易，是缓解我国西北地区水资源短缺与社会经济发展矛盾的新途径的结论，并指出调整农村消费结构的关键是提高农业生产的机械化。〖     

Multiple Effects of Energy Issues and Countermeasures： A Case of Shandong Province

Energy is now becoming the bottleneck of urban and regional development. The paper takes Shandong Province, one of the most energy consuming provinces in China, as an example, uses quantity methods such as SPSS （Stastics Package for Social Science） cluster sampling and regression analysis, and applies quantity analysis, to analyze the situation of energy issues in Shandong province. The conflicts between the quick industrialization and increasing extensive economic development, between urban population and energy consuming per head, between the infinite energy consuming desire and the low level of managing system, and between the unstable world energy supply and the limited energy storage in China are the main factors of energy crisis in Shandong, which not only results in energy shortage, but also becomes the barrier of economic and social development. In order to ensure sufficient energy supply for Shandong province in the 21 st century, we should take countermeasures, such as changing the economic development model, pursuing a multiple and high quality energy strategy, improving the intensive urbanization strategy, and building a scientific energy system.     

工业化、城市化对耕地数量变化影响差异分析

工业化、城市化进程对耕地资源数量变化产生了重要影响，但工业化、城市化对耕地资源数量的影响机制存在差异。以1990~2005年江苏省数据为基础，通过建立向量自回归模型，运用脉冲响应函数和方差分解方法，分析了工业化、城市化对耕地数量变动率影响的差异。结果表明，耕地数量变动率、工业化水平和城市化水平均呈非平稳变动趋势，但工业化、城市化对耕地数量变动率的作用方向不同，工业化对耕地数量变动率产生负效应，城市化则产生正效应。同时，城市化对耕地数量变化的影响大于工业化带来的影响，并且城市化的影响比工业化的影响更为持久。这意味着，〖JP2〗江苏省工业化和城市化快速增长时期，城市化是耕地数量变化的首要原因。因此，在当前江苏省工业化与城市化非平衡发展的情况下，合理控制城市化进程，提高城市化质量，对于耕地保护具有积极意义。〖     

洞庭湖区城镇体系建设研究

洞庭湖区是国内重要的商品粮猪基地。从城市地理学和区域地理学的角度探讨洞庭湖区城镇体系的建设问题,就湖区城镇的规模体系,职能体系和空间体系３个方面展开了专门分析。在城镇等级体系建设方面,应着重加强其中心化趋势和有序性。强调中心城市对于中小城镇的带动作用,科学地确定在不同阶段较大城市的发展规模,形成大中小相结合,结构合理的城镇等级系统。在城市职能体系建设方面,应扬长避短,突出特色,强调产业结构的趋异和     

CLIMATOLOGICAL WATERSHED CALIBRATION1

ABSTRACT: This study tests the hypothesis that climatic data can be used to develop a watershed model so that stream flow changes following forest harvest can be determined. Measured independent variables were precipitation, daily maximum and minimum temperature, and concurrent relative humidity. Computed variables were humidity deficit, saturated vapor pressure, and ambient vapor pressure. These climatic variables were combined to compute a monthly evaporation index. Finally, the evaporation index and monthly precipitation were regressed with measured monthly stream flow and the monthly estimates of stream flow were combined for the hydrologic year. A regression of predicted versus measured annual stream flow had a standard error of 1.5 inches (within 6.1 percent of the measured value). When 10, 15, and 20 years of data were used to develop the regression equations, predicted minus measured stream flow for the last 7 years of record (1972–1978) were within 16.8, 11.5, and 9.7 percent of the measured mean, respectively. Although single watershed calibration can be used in special conditions, the paired watershed approach is expected to remain the preferred method for determining the effects of forest management on the water resource.     

The Management of a Large Mediterranean Reservoir: Storage Regimens of the Yesa Reservoir,Upper Aragon River Basin,Central Spanish Pyrenees

Agriculture in Mediterranean countries is mainly based upon the irrigation of productive areas in the lowlands. For this reason, it is necessary to store large volumes of water in reservoirs located in mountain headwaters. These reservoirs have a relatively simple regimen of storage, increasing the water stored during the wet season (from October until May) and reaching the maximum volume shortly before the beginning of the hot, very dry season, when the water is released. This paper considers the storage regimen (inflow and outflow) of the Yesa Reservoir in the Spanish Pyrenees as an example of management of a large reservoir in a mountain Mediterranean environment, subject to a strong interannual variability. On average, the highest water storage level is achieved by retaining the high flows of the Aragón River in autumn and spring. Nevertheless, the irregularity of rainfalls and the existence of changes in the hydrological regimen lead to changes in the patterns of reservoir filling. Two patterns were identified in the Yesa Reservoir: (1) a quick increase of the stored volume in autumn, a stabilization in winter, and a new increase in spring; and (2) a continuous increase from October until May. These patterns are distributed in time over different periods since the construction of the reservoir in 1959, demonstrating the adjustment of the reservoir management to changes in the hydrological regimen.     

旅皖国内旅游者消费结构初探

分析比较了2001年旅皖国内旅游者消费结构的特点和原因,认为国内旅游者消费结构以刚性旅游消费为主,弹性旅游消费比重较低;普遍具有较强的住宿、餐饮消费偏好,购物、娱乐是消费弱项.为引导旅游者关注弹性消费,实现消费结构合理化,促进安徽省旅游业产业结构的优化升级和经济效益的持续增长,应构建形式多样的大众娱乐设施,丰富旅游景区的娱乐功能,提升旅游商品档次和销售能力,建设多功能购物街,多方位营造安全的旅游消费环境.     

四川参与性体育旅游产品的创新开发

体育旅游产品体系庞大,能满足不同类型、不同层次旅游者的需要,具有较强的生命力.由于体育旅游产品深受大众喜爱,具有巨大的市场潜力和可观的经济效益,因此开发体育旅游产品是促进四川旅游业走向强大的重要战略.针对四川参与性体育旅游产品开发的问题以及发展体育旅游的条件,提出了创新开发四川参与性体育旅游产品的途径:①与其它类型的旅游产品有机结合,开发组合性体育旅游产品;②开发少数民族体育旅游资源;③深度开发著名景区的体育旅游资源.     

贵州实现资源优势转换战略的途径与对策

提出了将贵州资源优势转变为产业优势,进而转变为经济优势的途径与对策.贵州实施优势矿产资源转换战略,就是要充分发挥资源比较优势,形成产业优势和经济优势,加快发展具有贵州特色的能源、原材料工业;以矿产资源开发为基础,优先发展矿产资源加工业,推进区域工业化进程,提高资源的附加值.     

山东省城镇空间格局

城镇是人类活动影响地表的最主要形式,是土地利用/土地覆盖变化的主要方面.山东省是中国东部沿海大省,土地利用处于不断地调整过程中.在全省城镇空间分布格局现状的基础上,结合中心地理论,运用数据包络分析(DEA)方法进行了具体分析,对全国土地利用/土地覆盖的深入研究具有重大意义.