歙县上丰花果山植物资源及开发利用

歙县上丰花果山的植物资源丰富,有果树、材用林木、茶树等大量经济植物资源。调查了花果山的经济植物资源,并对其利用现状进行了分析,对其合理开发利用提出了建议,以期为黄山地区的生态旅游和经济发展提供参考。     

South-Siberian mountain mires: Perspectives on a potentially vulnerable remote source of biodiversity

Changes in climate, land-use and pollution are having disproportionate impacts on ecosystems and biodiversity of arctic and mountain ecosystems. While these impacts are well-documented for many areas of the Arctic and alpine regions, some isolated and inaccessible mountain areas are poorly studied. Furthermore, even in well-studied regions, assessments of biodiversity and species responses to environmental change are biased towards vascular plants and cryptogams, particularly bryophytes are far less represented. This paper aims to document the environments of the remote and inaccessible Altai-Sayan mountain mires and particularly their bryofloras where threatened species exist and species new to the regional flora are still being found. As these mountain mires are relatively inaccessible, changes in drivers of change and their ecosystem and biodiversity impacts have not been monitored. However, the remoteness of the mires has so far protected them and their species. In this study, we describe the mires, their bryophyte species and the expected impacts of environmental stressors to bring attention to the urgency of documenting change and conserving these pristine ecosystems.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01596-w.     

基于遥感信息的吕梁山贫困区生态安全评价

本文基于四个时段的遥感影像光谱信息计算了吕梁山连片贫困区的遥感生态指数（RSEI）及植被覆盖度（FVC）,分析了其生态环境时空变化规律.结果表明：（1）1993~2018年间研究区FVC整体呈下降趋势,FVC由1993年0.65下降到2018年0.55;而RSEI整体上亦呈下降趋势,由1993年的0.47下降到2018年的0.40.（2）研究区整体生态环境呈退化趋势,其中北部、南部退化最为严重,除黄河沿岸外,其他河道沿线区域的FVC及生态环境退化明显.（3）研究区RSEI值整体偏低且区域差异性显著,其中部地区是生态环境最为脆弱,北部忻州及南部临汾地区近年来生态环境退化尤为显著.（4）FVC变化趋势与RSEI变化趋势基本一致,FVC的增加对生态环境产生积极影响,而经济快速发展带来的道路、建筑用地、农田的增加对生态环境产生消极影响.区域扶贫发展的过程中应注意平衡经济发展与生态环境保护间的关系,避免进一步损害该区脆弱的生态环境.     

基于因子分析法的庐山文化遗产旅游竞争力评价研究

文化遗产是我国遗产资源最重要的组成部分之一,发展文化遗产旅游对文化遗产的开发与保护有着至关重要的影响,研究文化遗产旅游竞争力是为了更好地发展文化遗产旅游.从影响文化遗产旅游竞争力的因素着手,构建了文化遗产旅游竞争力的综合评价指标体系,运用因子分析法对其进行定量评价,结合庐山进行实例分析,建立相应的综合评价模型,提出了提升庐山文化遗产旅游竞争力的建议.     

Work-related injury and ill-health among mountain instructors in the UK

In most industrialised countries, work-related injury and ill-health presents a major burden to society. Musculoskeletal disorders and stress are the most common reported illness types with those working in some industries more at risk than others. This study aimed to understand the occupational health issues of those working as mountain instructors in the outdoor sector within the UK and to identify the cultural norms and behaviours among this unique occupational group which influence health. Semi-structured, telephone interviews were conducted with 20 qualified mountaineers to gain information on work-related injury and ill-health. The majority of interviewees reported a current work-related musculoskeletal problem. Key factors were identified which prevented effective rehabilitation, including; a ‘macho’ attitude among young instructors, self-imposed extended working hours/days and mismanagement of injuries. Self-employed instructors reported that sick leave after a minor injury or illness was not financially viable. Work-related issues leading to stress were also reported.     

冻融对长白山森林土壤碳氮矿化的影响

长白山地区秋末春初常常存在冻融过程,冻融过程影响土壤水分分布而改变土壤理化性质。通过室内模拟实验,研究了冻融过程（-20~15℃）对长白山阔叶红松（Pinus koraiensis）林和白桦（Betula platyphylla）林土壤有机碳和氮矿化过程的影响。结果表明,经过3次冻融循环,冻融处理土壤矿化速率显著高于对照处理,但经过多次冻融循环过程,冻融处理抑制土壤有机碳矿化过程,对照处理土壤有机碳矿化速率高于冻融处理（P=0.019）。在培养结束后,冻融处理的阔叶红松林和白桦林土壤无机氮质量分数,分别是对照处理的1.88倍和1.96倍;冻融次数也是影响土壤有机氮矿化的一个重要因素,35次冻融循环后,阔叶红松林和白桦林土壤中无机氮分别提高了2.10倍和2.81倍。冻融循环促进了土壤有机氮的矿化,有利于土壤中有效氮的累积,为春季植物生长提供足够的氮素,但也潜在增加了土壤中无机氮流失的风险。     

神农架大九湖泥炭地碳储量估算及固碳能力研究

通过对神农架大九湖泥炭地进行野外调查和长期观测,采用经验公式和实验室分析方法,计算了神农架大九湖泥炭地土壤有机碳含量和有机碳储量,并对2016-2018年神农架大九湖泥炭地的固碳能力特征进行了分析.结果 表明:在0～100 cm深度范围内,神农架大九湖泥炭地土壤有机碳含量的变化范围为282.90～516.10 g/kg...     

桂林尧山地区20年生桉树林土壤呼吸昼夜变化特征

以桂林尧山地区20年生桉树林为研究对象,于2013年1—11月,分春、夏、秋和冬4个季节对土壤呼吸速率及环境因子日变化进行24 h的动态监测。结果表明:(1)20年生桉树林土壤呼吸具有明显日变化特征,呈单峰或双峰曲线形式。4季土壤呼吸速率均在17:00—19:00达最大值,在次日05:00—09:00达最小值。白天土壤呼吸速率变化较大,夜间变化较小;(2)4个季节土壤总呼吸速率之间存在显著差异(P0.05),从大到小依次为夏、春、秋和冬季,自养呼吸贡献率从大到小依次为春、冬、夏和秋季;(3)土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸和异养呼吸速率与土壤温度均呈显著正相关关系(P0.01),土壤温度分别可解释土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸和异养呼吸变化的64.18%、15.43%和83.58%;(4)土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸和异养呼吸速率与土壤含水量间呈显著正相关关系(P0.01),土壤含水量在一定范围内对土壤呼吸起促进作用。     

Mountain environment and population in Georgia: case study of Upper Svaneti

The purpose of the presented research is to identify local community opinions toward ecological problems in one of the mountainous region of Georgia (Upper Svaneti), to analyze how population ‘perceive, experience, and interpret’ the social, and ecological issues.

The paper is based on the results of Upper Svanet ipopulation’s survey which was carried out by the authors of presented paper during the August of 2015 and 2016.The questionnaire was elaborated taking into account the peculiarities of the region. Stratified-cluster selection method was used for selection of respondents and database compilation. For statistical analysis of polling data the SPSS package was used.

Based on the statistical analysis of survey results, the following issues have been studied: the most important ecological problems, environmental problems with respect to socio-economic ones, information sources on ecological problems, people’s trust in environmental issues, awareness level of the population on environmental policy, their personal contribution in environmental protection, ways to solve ecological problems, implemented environmental measures.

The obtained results are important to foster mountain population’s active participation in processes that contribute to decision-making processes, planning and implementing programs for sustainable development.     

秦岭北坡森林公园空气负离子资源的开发利用

基于已有的观测资料,分析了秦岭北坡森林公园空气负离子的分布特点,并对各森林公园的区位特性进行了评价,指出开发利用秦岭北坡森林公园空气负离子资源的必要性、可行性、存在的问题与对策.