应用景观生态学方法对大兴安岭森林植被变化进行分析

应用景观生态学基本理论、选用基本方法对大兴安岭（黑龙江省管辖范围内）森林植被的变化进行了分析,其结果由于林木采伐等人为活动对其干扰,使得森林景观发生了根本性的变化,导致原始林斑块数量增多,森林在景观中的面积减少,森林的斑块形状趋于不规则,森林内部生境的面积减少。而森林的斑块被隔离,导致生物多样性下降,景观破碎程度逐期加大。     

南岔区仙翁山风景区生态旅游资源开发初探

南岔区仙翁山是集石、树、崖、壁、洞、岩、花、草、藤、果、药、水于一体的巨大自然博物馆,适合开发生态旅游项目。应遵循生态旅游理念确定开发原则、开发措施以及一些管理方法,达到旅游、观光和保护自然环境可持续发展的目的。     

Chemical characteristics of precipitation at Nanping Mangdang Mountain in eastern China during spring

To study the characteristics of precipitation in eastern China, an automatic sampler was used to collect rainwater samples from 19 precipitation events at Mangdang Mountain, Nanping City, Fujiang Province, in the spring of 2009. We used ion chromatography to analyze the ionic components and concentrations, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to analyze element compositions and contents. The results demonstrated remarkable acidic characteristics: in more than 80% of precipitation events the pH was less than 5.6, with an average of 4.81. Mass concentration results showed SO4 2?? was the main anionic component (36.2% of the total anion mass), while NH4 + was the main cationic component (47.7% of the total cation mass) and main ion for acidity neutralization in the rainwater. Organic acid content accounted for 30.9% of total anion mass. The main trace metals were Ca, K, and Na. The SO4 2??/NO3?? ratio was 1.4, indicating that precipitation in this region was influenced by complex air pollution – the product of individual coal-burning combined with vehicle exhaust pollution. Correlation analysis of the chemical composition of the precipitation indicated that acidity in this region was determined by a combination of all acidic and neutralization ions rather than any single ion component. The results also showed that Na+ and Cl?? contributions were mainly by seawater; Mg2+ by seawater and crustal materials; the NH4 +, K+, Ca2+, NO3?? and SO4 2?? by anthropogenic sources; the trace metals were from the Earth’s crust; and organic acids were potentially from combustion of biomass.     

Geostatistical analysis on the spatial pattern of Pinus tabulaeformis population at different habitats in the Lingkong Mountain北大核心CSCD

In order to reveal the distribution pattern and spatial correlation of Pinus tabulaeformis population, this research used geostatistical theory and methods to examine the distribution pattern and spatial correlation of P. tabulaeformis population in different habitats of the Lingkong Mountain. The results showed that the semivariograms well fitted the exponential model for P. tabulaeformis populations at the mountain ridge, and the spherical model for those in slow slopes and valley areas. All three populations showed aggregated pattern. The spatial heterogeneity of the habitats of ridge, slow slope and valley was mostly due to the spatial autocorrelation in the ranges of 11.16 m, 9.99 m and 4.74 m, respectively. The populations at the ridges and gentle slopes showed greater sill values and determinant coefficient but lower fractal dimension than the pines in valleys, indicating that the first two habitats are characterized by higher degree of spatial heterogeneity and more significant spatial patterns, which is not found in the valley populations. Therefore the variations in the spatial distribution patterns of P. tabulaeformis populations is likely resulted from both the intrinsic biological characteristics and the environmental factors.     

鼎湖山大气气态总汞含量和变化特征的初步研究

利用高时间分辨率自动大气测汞仪(Tekran,2537B),于2009.10—2010.4对珠三角背景点鼎湖山大气气态总汞(TGM)进行了连续7个月的野外观测.结果表明,鼎湖山地区TGM的年均含量为(5.54±2.89)ng·m-3,含量明显高于全球大气汞含量的背景值(1.5～2.0ng·m-3)和国内部分地区的背景值,表明该地区大气受到了一定程度的汞污染.监测期间,4月TGM含量最高,11月最低.日变化特征显示白天TGM浓度比晚上高,属典型白天控制型.鼎湖山地区TGM主要受珠三角的区域污染影响,TGM含量变化与大气中NO2、SO2的相关性分析和与用电需求变化对比表明,珠三角人为源(尤其是燃煤的汞排放)对鼎湖山大气TGM有较大的贡献.     

鼎湖山无机氮湿沉降来源研究

针对2007年3—8月鼎湖山站的降水资料,分析了鼎湖山春夏两季氮沉降特征及其来源. 结果表明:研究期间鼎湖山NO₃--N和NH₄＋-N的降水量加权平均质量浓度分别为0.59和1.03mg/L,其中春季湿沉降中ρ(NO₃--N)和ρ(NH₄＋-N)的平均值分别为0.78和1.54 mg/L,分别是夏季的2.17和1.67倍;降水ρ(NO₃-)与ρ(NH₄＋)呈显著正相关,与降水pH呈负相关. 利用气团轨迹后推以及天气形势分析得出,影响鼎湖山氮湿沉降的主要因素是陆地性降水,其ρ(NO₃--N)和ρ(NH₄＋-N)分别为0.75和1.43 mg/L,分别是海洋性降水的1.57和2.26倍;氮沉降通量分别为3.28和6.26 kg/hm2,分别占总无机氮沉降负荷的56.0%和64.6%.进一步利用气团后向轨迹对海洋性和陆地性降水进行云下气团分类,结果表明,陆地性NE方向的气团对鼎湖山氮的输送及沉降负荷最大.      

川西山区交通与GDP的海拔梯度性及其相关关系

以西部山区的缩影川西为研究对象,利用交通矢量化数据和自然社会经济数据,在GIS软件支持下,探讨"十五"计划以来不同时期川西山区交通通达性与GDP的海拔空间分异性及其相关关系。结果表明:(1)2000~2013年间川西山区交通通达性有了显著提高,各县通达水平两级分化有所减弱,高值区集中于攀西城市群,低值区主要位于甘孜州;(2)川西山区GDP与交通水平均具有较为明显的海拔梯度分异,表现为中低海拔区中海拔区高海拔区高原区,呈现出"反自然梯度特征";(3)从整体上看,川西山区通达性指数与GDP存在显著正向关联且关联程度不断加强,交通主干线显现出更为明显的经济促进作用,而边缘化的地理区位不利于地区对外开放,阻滞了经济发展;(4)不同时期各海拔区交通通达性及其构成要素与GDP的关联方向和程度差异较大。     

城市生态休闲带的开发与规划--以广州市帽峰山为例

界定了城市生态休闲带的概念,并简要描述了其基本特征与开发现状。在此基础上,分别从“突出生态,体现休闲,兼顾旅游,注重文化,科学开发和全面保护”等方面探讨了城市生态休闲带开发与规划的新思维。以广州市帽峰山为例,尝试提出了广州市北部生态休闲带的开发与规划模式。     

南京钟山风景区对主城环境空气质量的影响

详细监测了钟山风景区环境空气质量现状,利用大气污染扩散模型的扩散模拟,从地形方面研究了钟山风景区对主城大气污染物输送扩散的影响。结果表明,钟山风景区使得主城大气污染物不易扩散,易在主城区附近积累,加重主城区的大气污染。