长白山低山丘陵区生态农业建设与小流域治理——以吉林省柳河试验区为例

吉林省柳河试验区是长白山低山丘陵区域的典型代表。本文在分析了该试验区的农业自然条件及其存在的主要问题的基础上,提出了生态农业建设与小流域综合治理的技术模式,并报道了初步实施结果     

泰山野生植物资源研究

泰山植物资源丰富,共有野生种子植物１０７科４０１属７６２种。本文按经济用途将泰山的资源植物主要分为１１类,提出了对它们进行合理开发利用的措施     

Seasonal and spatial variability of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in vegetation and cow milk from a high altitude pasture in the Italian Alps

The seasonal and spatial variability of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in vegetation and cow milk was studied in a high altitude pasture in the Alps (1900 m a.s.l.). PCB contamination in vegetation shows a concentration peak in June, which is mainly interpreted as the consequence of a temporary PCB enrichment of the air layer above the ground due to net emission fluxes from the soil. A three compartment dynamic model was developed to test this hypothesis. The North/South enrichment factor in the vegetation was 1.5-1.6 for penta- and hexa-substituted congeners and 1.7 for hepta- and octa-PCBs, according to the effect of temperature on compounds having higher K_oa values. Milk concentrations followed the vegetation seasonal trend. The congener abundance in milk is in agreement with the biotransformation susceptibility, absorption efficiency and residence time of the different congeners in dairy cows.     

基于游客支付意愿的古树名木资源保护经济价值评估——以安徽省九华山风景区为例

运用条件价值评估法中支付卡式(PC)和二分式(DC)两种问卷,对九华山风景区游客保护古树名木的支付意愿进行研究,并分析了其影响因素。结果表明：838%的游客认为应该对古树名木进行保护,仅有302%对保护现状满意。支付卡式问卷调查结果为808元/(人·月),二分式问卷调查结果为954元/(人·月);按2010年游客接待量401万人次计算,2010年游客对九华山风景区古树名木保护的总支付意愿分别为1500×108元和4589×108元。影响支付卡式问卷支付意愿值的主要指标是年龄、个人年收入、文化程度和职业的相关性;影响二分式问卷支付意愿的主要指标是个人年收入。支付卡式问卷和二分式问卷支付意愿均与第一次调查结果无显著差异,PC1和PC2、DC1和DC2支付意愿值相差分别为062和173元,两次结果重现性良好,对本次研究结果的可靠性给予了保证     

大别山区诸佛庵镇深水河山洪灾害分析

综合下垫面条件、气象与水文信息,对皖西大别山区的诸佛庵镇“05．9”小流域暴雨,进行暴雨重现期和洪水过程分析计算。结合灾害特征,探讨其成因。在小流域风险洪水预估的基础上,从防灾减灾的角度提出对策性建议。     

内蒙古阴山北麓地区可持续发展问题研究

本文在分析内蒙古阴山北麓地区生态环境恶同状及其形成原因的基础上,提出了以建立一机制为主的实现可持续发展对策。     

基于AHP和FSE的九华山风景区古树名木景观价值评价

以九华山风景区古树名木资源调查为基础,从古树名木的美学价值、生态价值和资源价值构建评判指标体系,运用层次分析法(AHP)和模糊综合评价(FSE)对景区内古树名木景观价值进行了评价。结果表明:对古树名木景观价值影响较大因素依次为姿态、传说趣闻、色彩、季相变化等。九华山风景区现有449株古树名木中,属于极高等级的古树名木有14株,占总数的3.12%;属于高等级的古树名木有84株,占总数的18.71%;而属于一般、差和很差等级的古树名木分别占总数的48.33%、27.39%和2.45%。古树名木景观价值高的树种为银杏、黄山松、桂花、浙江柿、黑壳楠、三角枫、香果树和红果山胡椒,而景点则有太白书堂、通慧寺和甘露寺。     

缙云山国家级自然保护区蝴蝶生态学研究

2007年和2009年的4-9月对缙云山自然保护区蝶类资源进行了调查,共采集蝴蝶标本112种,隶属11科67属.区系分析表明,本地区蝶类资源东洋种占优势,古北种所占比例较小,具备东洋界的基本属性.结合1998-2000年统计数据,以年份为影响因子对蝴蝶群落多样性指数进行单因素方差分析,结果表明缙云山自然保护区10年来各多样性指数无显著变化,蝴蝶群落结构相对稳定.     

Assessing field-scale migration of radionuclides at the Nevada Test Site: “mobile” species

Many long-lived radionuclides are present in groundwater at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) as a result of 828 underground nuclear weapons tests conducted between 1951 and 1992. In conjunction with a comprehensive geochemical review of radionuclides (³H, ¹⁴C, ³⁶Cl, ⁹⁹Tc and ¹²⁹I) that are presumably mobile in the subsurface, we synthesized a body of radionuclide activity data measured from groundwater samples collected at 18 monitoring wells, to qualitatively assess their migration at the NTS over distances of hundreds of meters and over timescales of decades. Tritium and ³⁶Cl showed little evidence of retardation, while the transport of ¹⁴C may have been retarded by its isotopic exchange with carbonate minerals in the aquifer. Observed local reducing conditions (either natural or test-induced) will impact the mobility of certain redox-sensitive radionuclides (especially ⁹⁹Tc) that were otherwise soluble and readily transported under oxidizing conditions. Conversely, strongly oxidizing conditions may impact the mobility of ¹²⁹I which is mobile under reducing conditions. The effect of iodine speciation on its transport deserves further attention. Indication of delayed transport of some “mobile” radionuclides (especially ⁹⁹Tc) in the groundwater at the NTS suggested the importance of redox conditions of the natural system in controlling the fate and transport of radionuclides, which has implications in the enhanced performance of the potential Yucca Mountain repository, located adjacent to the NTS, to store high-level nuclear wastes as well as management of radionuclide contamination in legacy nuclear operations facilities.     

山地城市热污染研究及治理对策

城市热污染给人们带来的众多危害已经引起了广泛的关注。山地城市由于其特殊的地理因素,城市热污染也呈现特殊性。本文详细分析了山地城市的热环境特征以及热污染成因,并从治理城市热污染角度提出了部分有效的治理对策。通过合理的城市规划、城市绿化、城市风道、城市下垫面及其他措施,以达到减少山地城市热污染,改善城市热环境,保障城市居民健康,最终实现山地城市可持续发展的目的。