巢湖水总有机碳(TOC)-高锰酸钾指数(CODMn)相关性研究

巢湖是合肥市一个重要的生活饮用水水源，我们在2000年对其TOC和CODMn值进行了相实验研究，并据此对水体有机污染的状及其变化规律进行进一步的分析，该分析方法可为其它地表水源借鉴。     

Halogenated organic contaminants (HOCs) in sediment from a highly eutrophicated lake, China: Occurrence, distribution and mass inventories

Halogenated organic contaminants (HOCs) including 16 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 37 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in 49 surfacial sediments from Chaohu Lake, a highly eutrophicated lake, China. PBDEs were detected in almost samples with the range of the total concentration (defined as Σ₁₆PBDEs) from 0.84 to 86.6 ng g⁻¹. Compared with the occurrence of PBDEs in Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta in China, lower percentage of BDE-209 over the concentration of Σ₁₆PBDEs was inferred by the high-volume application of penta-BDE mixture product for local domestic furniture purpose. The total concentration of 37 PCBs (Σ₃₇PCBs) ranged from 0.05 to 3.36 ng g⁻¹ with the most detection of PCB-1, -4, -52 and -71. Both the concentrations of Σ₁₆PBDE and Σ₃₇PCB poorly correlated with total organic carbon (TOC), suggesting the significant contribution of phytoplankton organic carbons to sediment TOC. The contamination by PBDEs and PCBs in western region of the lake was significantly more serious than in eastern lake. Our findings about the higher residues of PBDEs and PCBs in sediments at the estuary of Nanfei River compared to the other estuaries also supported the conclusion that urban area (Hefei city) was the main source of PBDEs and PCBs. The comparison with the concentration of HOC in the present study with those in other lacustrine sediments around the world suggested the contamination by PBDEs in Chaohu Lake is at middle of the global concentration range, whereas PCBs is at low end of the global range which could be elucidated by local economic development and historical usage of PBDEs and PCBs. The mass inventories of HOCs in the lake were estimated at 561 and 38 kg, which corresponds to only 0.000006% and 0.0001% of these global historical produce volumes, respectively.     

巢湖污染现状及其治理措施

巢湖为我国“三河三湖”重点水污染防治流域之一。近年来,随着人口的增长、经济高速发展、人为社会经济活动的影响使水资源系统受到很大冲击,水质变劣,湖体营养过程加剧,生态环境受到明显损害,制约了流域社会经济的可持续发展。巢湖湖区水中高锰酸钾、总氮、总磷含量分别为4．9mg/L、2．48mg／L、0．227mg／L,水质类别为劣V类（重度污染）;表层沉积物中总氮、总磷含量平均值为1065mg／kg、587mg／kg。要实现流域水资源的可持续利用,必须加快水污染综合治理。分析了巢湖污染现状,结合实际情况提出了治理对策。     

环巢湖地区旅游资源可持续发展研究

根据环巢湖地区旅游资源的特点,分析了旅游资源开发中存在的问题,主要集中在水环境、特色旅游项目、景区环境、经营管理等方面,从宏观调控、法规法律、资源调查和保护、地区联动和环境教育等角度,提出了环巢湖地区旅游业可持续发展的主要对策。     

Understanding the anthropogenic phosphorus pathway with substance flow analysis at the city level

Excessive input of phosphorus into natural water bodies as a result of anthropogenic processes is an escalating factor that leads to eutrophication. Hence, quantifying the pathway of phosphorus throughout the socioeconomic system is essential for the selection of appropriate measures to mitigate phosphorus discharge. The study develops an analytical model of anthropogenic phosphorus flows within a socioeconomic system based on substance flow analysis. The model consists of five major subsystems: the phosphorous chemical industry, agriculture, animal feeding, human consumption, and waste management. The results show that the total input and output of phosphorus in Chaohu City over 2008 are 8517.70 ton (t) and 4682.76 t, respectively. The estimation of phosphorus discharged into local surface water is 544.22 t, which primarily comes from agriculture (391.99 t, 72.03%), followed by large-scale farming (55.70 t, 10.23%), rural consumption (56.81 t, 10.44%), urban consumption (30.42 t, 5.59%), and waste management (9.30 t, 1.71%). Intensive input of fertilizers in agricultural practices was identified as the most important source of phosphorus load on local surface water. Hence, we propose that the eutrophication of local water bodies could be addressed by optimizing local industrial structure, developing ecological and organic-based agriculture, and improving waste collection and disposal practices.     

巢湖十五里河沉积物磷平衡浓度对外源碳的响应及释放风险

2017年7月至2018年5月,在巢湖十五里河干流的城乡梯度方向,按照每两个月采样1次的频率,采集5个点位的表层沉积物样,分析沉积物磷形态,解析磷平衡浓度及对外源碳(乙酸钠)的响应,并对沉积物磷释放风险进行评估.结果表明,十五里河水体磷素污染严重,沉积物总磷含量平均为915. 04～1 205. 31 mg·kg~(-1),且沿城乡梯度方向缓慢下降,而生物有效性磷含量则保持稳定;外源碳降低了沉积物EPC_0值(下降约29%),也改变了各采样点EPC_0值大小排序;上覆水SRP浓度高于EPC_0值所占比例为66. 7%,而且磷吸附解吸平衡饱和度EPC_(sat)-20%所占比例约60. 0%,表明十五里河沉积物以磷吸附占优势,即沉积物总体上处于磷"汇"状态;外源碳的输入使得EPC_(sat)-20%所占比例由60. 0%上升为73. 3%,降低了沉积物磷释放风险水平.     

巢湖流域非点源磷流失关键源区识别

农业非点源磷污染是水体富营养化的重要原因.识别流域内各类景观中土壤磷向水体流失风险最大的关键源区并加以重点控制是流域非点源磷污染治理的重要手段.以巢湖流域为研究区,尝试采用改进的磷指数法在较大的流域尺度开展非点源磷流失风险评价及关键源区识别.在影响磷流失的污染源因子中增加了土壤磷吸持指数和磷饱和度指标.以反映土壤磷在水土界面迁移能力的差异;在迁移因子中又考虑了污染源与巢湖的距离.以反映污染源对最终受纳水体的影响;同时根据研究区特征及研究尺度对磷指数各指标分级与等级值进行了修改.结果表明,流域土壤磷吸持指数空间差异较小,总体上偏低,具有较高的流失风险;而土壤磷饱和度空间差异较显著,饱和度>25%的高风险区域超过流域面积的40%.巢湖流域非点源磷污染风险指数空间差异显著,风险等级最高(占流域面积5%)的区域分布在主要入湖河流下游的两岸平原地区,应作为磷污染重点控制的关键源区.磷指数法能够快速而方便地识别非点源磷污染的关键源区,应用于较大尺度流域可以从宏观上掌握非点源磷污染的空间差异并实施有效治理.     

基于故障树的生态调水水质风险识别

以巢湖生态调水为例,将故障树分析应用于调水线路的水质风险识别。构建了输水区、受水区、排泄区水质风险故障树,确定了顶事件的概率,得到了各分区的最大风险事件,提出了风险防范措施,为生态调水的风险管理提供科学依据。     

巢湖2016年蓝藻水华时空分布及环境驱动力分析

针对近年来巢湖蓝藻水华暴发频繁,基于中分辨率成像光谱仪（moderate-resolution imaging spectrum-radiometer,MODIS）多光谱遥感数据,采用浮游藻类指数（floating algae index,FAI）和藻华像元生长算法（algae pixel-growing algorithm,APA）提取了巢湖蓝藻水华覆盖面积,在分析2016年巢湖蓝藻水华时空分布规律基础上,结合巢湖水质、气象数据,讨论了藻华暴发的主要环境驱动力.结果表明,2016年巢湖藻华暴发季节与往年一致（5~11月）,但藻华首次暴发时间推迟到5月,持续时间缩短至204 d,平均藻华面积85.53 km².其环境驱动力研究发现,尽管巢湖主要水质指标呈现下降趋势,但总氮、总磷浓度依然分别超过V类和IV类水质标准;与往年相比,2016年春季风速偏大（△W=0.1 m·s^-1）、降水偏多（△P=0.8 mm）与日照时数偏低（△S=-1.3 h）是巢湖藻华面积减少、起始暴发时间推迟的主要原因;藻华持续期内,降水成为影响藻华面积月际变化的主要影响因素,当日平均风速不仅与当天藻华面积存在较显著的负相关（P<0.05）,当风速较大时对后续几日的藻华面积产生一定的滞后影响.这些研究结果有助于了解巢湖蓝藻水华情况,为应对巢湖藻华暴发与气候变化提供理论依据.     

基于熵权的巢湖水生态健康模糊综合评价

在对巢湖水生态状况深入调查研究的基础上,确立了湖泊生态系统健康评价指标体系,确定了各指标健康等级的阙值范围,建立了基于熵权的湖库水生态健康模糊综合评价模型。并选取1980年巢湖的水质和水生态数据作为本底值。运用熵权法对2000～2005年整个湖泊生态系统的健康状况进行了客观评价,结果表明2004—2005年巢湖水生态系统均处于较差健康状态。本方法的计算结果表明采用熵权综合健康指数法对其进行生态系统健康评价具有很好的可靠性和实用性。最后根据实际提出了湖库水生态安全综合管理对策。