环巢湖地区旅游资源可持续发展研究

根据环巢湖地区旅游资源的特点,分析了旅游资源开发中存在的问题,主要集中在水环境、特色旅游项目、景区环境、经营管理等方面,从宏观调控、法规法律、资源调查和保护、地区联动和环境教育等角度,提出了环巢湖地区旅游业可持续发展的主要对策。     

巢湖污染现状及其治理措施

巢湖为我国“三河三湖”重点水污染防治流域之一。近年来,随着人口的增长、经济高速发展、人为社会经济活动的影响使水资源系统受到很大冲击,水质变劣,湖体营养过程加剧,生态环境受到明显损害,制约了流域社会经济的可持续发展。巢湖湖区水中高锰酸钾、总氮、总磷含量分别为4．9mg/L、2．48mg／L、0．227mg／L,水质类别为劣V类（重度污染）;表层沉积物中总氮、总磷含量平均值为1065mg／kg、587mg／kg。要实现流域水资源的可持续利用,必须加快水污染综合治理。分析了巢湖污染现状,结合实际情况提出了治理对策。     

基于免疫禁忌优化算法的生态环境评价指数公式及其应用

通过模拟流域生态环境自然发展的演化过程,结合巢湖流域的具体情况,提出了适用于多个指标的巢湖流域生态环境评价指数公式。通过设定公式中生态环境指标“参照”值,采用免疫禁忌搜索算法对公式中的待定参数进行优化,使生态环境评价指数公式形式简单、方便实用,并具有一定的普适性。生态环境质量评价结果表明,合肥市和巢湖流域整体生态环境质量为Ⅲ级(及格),而巢湖市和六安市生态环境质量较差。     

Understanding the anthropogenic phosphorus pathway with substance flow analysis at the city level

Excessive input of phosphorus into natural water bodies as a result of anthropogenic processes is an escalating factor that leads to eutrophication. Hence, quantifying the pathway of phosphorus throughout the socioeconomic system is essential for the selection of appropriate measures to mitigate phosphorus discharge. The study develops an analytical model of anthropogenic phosphorus flows within a socioeconomic system based on substance flow analysis. The model consists of five major subsystems: the phosphorous chemical industry, agriculture, animal feeding, human consumption, and waste management. The results show that the total input and output of phosphorus in Chaohu City over 2008 are 8517.70 ton (t) and 4682.76 t, respectively. The estimation of phosphorus discharged into local surface water is 544.22 t, which primarily comes from agriculture (391.99 t, 72.03%), followed by large-scale farming (55.70 t, 10.23%), rural consumption (56.81 t, 10.44%), urban consumption (30.42 t, 5.59%), and waste management (9.30 t, 1.71%). Intensive input of fertilizers in agricultural practices was identified as the most important source of phosphorus load on local surface water. Hence, we propose that the eutrophication of local water bodies could be addressed by optimizing local industrial structure, developing ecological and organic-based agriculture, and improving waste collection and disposal practices.     

Anthropogenic phosphorus flow analysis of Lujiang County, Anhui Province, Central China

Anthropogenic phosphorus load in the aquatic environment of Lujiang County, central China, may be a serious problem, greatly contributing to surface water eutrophication. Using substance flow analysis, this study develops a phosphorus-flow analytical model to trace the pathways of this limiting nutrient throughout Lujiang's socioeconomic system. The model includes six major subsystems: extraction, phosphorous chemical industry, agriculture, animal husbandry, human consumption, and phosphorous waste management. We conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses of the primary phosphorous flows and stocks within these subsystems in Lujiang County over 2008. Approaches to data include statistical reports and literature reviews, face-to-face interviews and questionnaire-based surveys. The results show the total phosphorus input and output were 8311.5 tons and 5664.6 tons, respectively, in Lujiang in 2008, resulting in a phosphorus surplus of 2646.9 tons in the socioeconomic system. The phosphorus load in the recipient waters, as part of the total phosphorus output, was estimated to be 1666.7 tons. Large-scale livestock operations contributed the most phosphorus to local surface waters, accounting for 55.8% and followed by human consumption (23.0%) and agriculture (21.2%). Consequently, it should be of central concern for policy makers to improve phosphorous reuse efficiency in order to reduce phosphorus release into the aquatic environment. Limitations of the methodology and data are also discussed.     

土工管袋法固结底泥氮磷转化特征及释放风险

以土工管袋法脱水固结底泥为对象,对巢湖清淤底泥固结前后管袋内底泥氮磷形态以及释放特征进行分析,研究土工管袋固结法对疏浚底泥氮磷转化影响及释放风险。结果表明,与湖体原泥相比,固结后底泥有机质和总氮均出现下降趋势(有机质下降10.87%,总氮含量下降3.50%),但总磷明显升高(增幅约18.89%)。同时,固结后底泥最大吸附量(Q_m)较未固结底泥增幅约1.35倍,为0.89 mg·g⁻¹。固结后底泥等温平衡浓度(EPC₀)较固结前底泥降低约1.58倍,这表明疏浚底泥固结后磷释放风险降低。氮磷形态分析结果表明,管袋固结后氨氮含量降低,但硝氮的质量浓度没有明显变化。固结后底泥中铁结合态磷、铝结合态磷较未固结底泥分别增加约1.20、1.49倍,有机磷含量则较固结前底泥下降约71.6%。静态释放结果表明,固结底泥氮释放随温度增加而增加,其中30 ℃条件下固结底泥氨氮释放速率为3.31mg·(m²·d)⁻¹,约是湖体未固结底泥10%。但固结底泥磷处于吸收状态,其中30 ℃条件下磷酸根吸收速率最大为2.74 mg·(m²·d)⁻¹。以上结果表明,固结底泥氮磷总量、活性态及其释放通量均降低,再次释放风险较小。     

基于云模型和熵权法的巢湖流域防洪减灾能力评估

防洪减灾能力评估是洪涝灾害管理急需解决的重大问题之一。从防洪除涝能力、监测预警能力、抢险救灾能力及灾害管理能力4个方面来构建指标体系,建立基于云模型和熵权法的巢湖流域防洪减灾能力评估模型,对整个流域以及流域内各县市的防洪减灾能力进行评估,并与通过组合赋权法及最优分割法得到的结果进行验证对比。以期为防洪减灾能力评估提供新的思路,对巢湖流域的防洪减灾能力建设提供科学依据。研究结果表明:巢湖流域整体防洪减灾能力属于中等偏上水平,但流域内部差异明显;其中合肥市辖区、和县的防洪减灾能力属于高水平;巢湖市、含山县处于中等水平;肥西县和庐江县位于较低水平;肥东县、无为县、舒城县的防洪减灾能力则最低。     

太湖、巢湖沉积物中重金属污染的总量特征及其区域性差异

选取太湖、巢湖污染较为严重的区域为研究对象,采集季节性沉积物柱状样,以0.5cm的间距高精度分割样品,分析其中的Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn等重金属元素的含量,对沉积物中重金属的总量特征及季节性变化特征进行了分析,得出以下结论:太湖、巢湖沉积物中重金属的总量均呈现出Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu的特征,季节性变化幅度为Mn>Fe>Zn>Cu,重金属元素的地球化学性质对其季节性变化有很大的影响.同时,不同的区域背景差异(如元素丰度、污染状况等)导致了太湖、巢湖采样点沉积物中重金属元素季节性特征的差异.     

巢湖流域土地景观格局变化及生态风险驱动力研究

健康的流域生态系统是区域经济社会可持续发展的重要基础。探讨流域土地景观格局变化及生态风险驱动机制有助于生态系统状况诊断与风险来源认识,为有效制定生态风险管控措施提供决策依据。应用空间信息技术平台及计量分析方法,探讨了基于县域行政单元的快速城市化阶段巢湖流域土地景观格局变化及生态风险驱动力。研究表明:(1)2000~2013年,巢湖流域土地景观类型变化表现出农地、林地、水体景观面积下降,建设用地景观面积显著增加的趋势;流域景观水平上多样性和均匀度呈下降、优势度呈上升趋势,景观空间异质性下降;(2)近15 a来,巢湖流域9个行政单元内生态风险均呈上升趋势,生态风险整体恶化,需加强对流域生态风险上升的管控;(3)生态风险驱动力分析表明,快速城市化阶段巢湖流域生态风险的主要驱动因子为第二产业值、城市化率、人口密度和固定资产投资,而人均GDP的增加在一定程度上会降低生态风险水平。     

内河岸线资源评价与开发研究——以安徽巢湖市域长江岸线为例

内河岸线资源是国家重要的国土资源和特殊的土地资源。随着“T”战略的实施、沿江开发的逐步深入,岸线资源在沿江区域经济发展中的地位越来越重要。如何客观、科学地评价岸线资源,合理利用并发挥其最大的资源效益具有重要意义。经过甄别,遴选了岸前水深、岸线稳定性、岸前航道水域宽度和后方陆域场地条件4项指标作为评价指标,并运用GIS手段进行了实际评价,经过综合评价得出安徽巢湖段岸线资源的基本情况是Ⅰ、Ⅱ级优良岸线比例高,适合建港和发展工业、仓储的岸线资源量大,并根据评价结果分段提出了开发方向和建议。